Fig. 4
(a) Left: Raincloud plots of pain ratings per condition from the study using external expectation induction (Hypoalgesia, Hyperalgesia and control). Individual dots denote the average rating of a subject per condition, with grey lines connecting the ratings of the same subject over conditions. Black thick line = Median. White dot = Mean. (b) Results of the present study using the self generated expectations within the identical experimental layout. (c)-(e) Comparison of the different conditions between experiments corrected for the mean pain level in each subject. Larger effects were observed for positive and negative expectations in the self-generated task, while ratings were similar in the control condition. *p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001. Error bars represent the corrected standard error of the mean using the Cousineau-Morey method18,19.
