Fig. 2 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 2

From: A method for constructing digital twins of CNC machine tools feed systems based on hybrid mechanism-data

Fig. 2

Three-loop fuzzy PI control system. PositionAct: Actual displacement; PI:proportional integral; \(N_r\): actual speed of the motor; \(I_d\): d-axis current after the Park transformation; \(I_q\): q-axis current after the Park transformation; \(\omega _e\): actual angular velocity of the motor;\(U_d\): d-axis voltage after the Park transformation; \(U_q\): q-axis voltage after the Park transformation; pluse: Pulse modulated signal.

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