Fig. 8

3D AFM images & histogram analysis of mixed metal oxide (MMO) anode (a) fresh MMO and (b) recycled MMO. The graph depicts the surface roughness of the anodes through histogram analysis of (c) Fresh MMO and (d) Recycled MMO after EO treatment of simulated wastewater. The average surface roughness (Sa) for fresh MMO was 61.75 nm, and for recycled MMO, it was 20.60 nm. The figure shows the cross-sectional analysis of the mixed metal oxide (MMO) anode along with the height profile using the AFM technique for (e) fresh MMO and (f) recycled MMO after EO treatment of simulated wastewater.