Table 1 Sociodemographic, Clinical, and Treatment Characteristics of Patients with Colorectal Cancer by Residence in Persistent Persistently Impoverished Census Tracts Status, The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 2006–2020 (n = 256,430).

From: Neighborhood level socioeconomic disparities are associated with reduced colorectal cancer survival

Patient Characteristics

Unweighted

Weighted*

Not Residing in Persistently Impoverished

Census Tract

Residing in Persistently Impoverished

Census Tract

Standardized Difference†

Not Residing in Persistently Impoverished

Census Tract

Residing in Persistently Impoverished

Census Tract

Standardized Difference§

n (%)

n (%)

 

%‡

%‡

 

No. of Patients

234,522 (91.5%)

21,908 (8.5%)

 

50.0%

50.0%

 

Age

 Mean (SD)

66.2 (13.74)

64.9 (13.10)

0.090

65.2 (3.8)

65.1 (12.2)

0.010

 Median (IQR)

66.0 (56.0, 77.0)

65.0 (56.0, 75.0)

 

65.0 (56.0, 75.0)

65.0 (56.0, 75.0)

 

Age Groups, n (%)

0||

 20–50 years

31,879 (13.6%)

2981 (13.6%)

0.000

13.7%

13.7%

 

 51–60 years

49,383 (21.1%)

5189 (23.7%)

0.063

23.3%

23.3%

 

 61–70 years

60,072 (25.6%)

6133 (28.0%)

0.054

27.7%

27.7%

 

 70 + years

93,188 (39.7%)

7605 (34.7%)

0.104

35.4%

35.4%

 

Sex, n (%)

0||

 Male

121,912 (52.0%)

11,470 (52.4%)

0.010

52.4%

52.4%

 

 Female

112,610 (48.0%)

10,438 (47.6%)

0.010

47.6%

47.6%

 

Race-Ethnicity, n (%)

     

0||

 Non-Hispanic White

163,316 (69.6%)

8971 (40.9%)

0.603

45.1%

45.1%

 

 Non-Hispanic Black

19,813 (8.4%)

7123 (32.5%)

0.625

27.6%

27.6%

 

 Non-Hispanic American Indian/Alaska Native

997 (0.4%)

121 (0.6%)

0.018

0.6%

0.6%

 

 Non-Hispanic Asian or Pacific Islander

22,469 (9.6%)

1322 (6.0%)

0.132

6.7%

6.7%

 

 Hispanic

26,811 (11.4%)

4325 (19.7%)

0.231

19.8%

19.8%

 

 Non-Hispanic Unknown Race

1116 (0.5%)

46 (0.2%)

0.045

0.2%

0.2%

 

Marital Status at Diagnosis, n (%)

0||

 Married or Partner

130,436 (55.6%)

9175 (41.9%)

0.277

43.9%

43.9%

 

 Separated or Divorced

23,060 (9.8%)

2795 (12.8%)

0.093

12.4%

12.4%

 

 Single Never Married

33,931 (14.5%)

5360 (24.5%)

0.255

22.8%

22.8%

 

 Widowed

35,485 (15.1%)

3371 (15.4%)

0.007

15.4%

15.4%

 

 Unknown

11,610 (5.0%)

1207 (5.5%)

0.025

5.5%

5.5%

 

Year of Diagnosis, n (%)

0||

 2006

16,706 (7.1%)

1458 (6.7%)

0.018

6.7%

6.7%

 

 2007

16,806 (7.2%)

1489 (6.8%)

0.014

6.8%

6.8%

 

 2008

16,693 (7.1%)

1507 (6.9%)

0.009

6.9%

6.9%

 

 2009

16,424 (7.0%)

1533 (7.0%)

0.000

7.0%

7.0%

 

 2010

15,818 (6.7%)

1508 (6.9%)

0.005

6.8%

6.8%

 

 2011

15,677 (6.7%)

1504 (6.9%)

0.007

6.8%

6.8%

 

 2012

16,014 (6.8%)

1480 (6.8%)

0.003

6.8%

6.8%

 

 2013

15,356 (6.5%)

1429 (6.5%)

0.001

6.5%

6.5%

 

 2014

16,043 (6.8%)

1589 (7.3%)

0.016

7.2%

7.2%

 

 2015

15,783 (6.7%)

1541 (7.0%)

0.012

7.1%

7.1%

 

 2016

15,469 (6.6%)

1468 (6.7%)

0.004

6.7%

6.7%

 

 2017

15,154 (6.5%)

1369 (6.2%)

0.009

6.3%

6.3%

 

 2018

14,583 (6.2%)

1463 (6.7%)

0.019

6.6%

6.6%

 

 2019

15,153 (6.5%)

1398 (6.4%)

0.003

6.4%

6.4%

 

 2020

12,843 (5.5%)

1172 (5.3%)

0.006

5.4%

5.4%

 

Census Urban-Area Categorization, n(%)

0||

 All Urban

154,034 (65.7%)

14,231 (65.0%)

0.015

64.6%

64.6%

 

 Mostly Urban

48,754 (20.8%)

4299 (19.6%)

0.029

19.8%

19.8%

 

 Mostly Rural

16,524 (7.0%)

1322 (6.0%)

0.041

6.3%

6.3%

 

 All Rural

15,210 (6.5%)

2056 (9.4%)

0.107

9.3%

9.3%

 

Clinical and Treatment Characteristics

 Colorectal Cancer Histological Type, n (%)

0||

  Adenocarcinoma

216,747 (92.4%)

20,219 (92.1%)

0.005

92.3%

92.3%

 

  Mucinous

16,047 (6.9%)

1566 (7.2%)

0.012

7.1%

7.1%

 

  Other

1728 (0.6%)

123 (0.6%)

0.022

0.6%

0.6%

 

 SEER Summary Stage, n (%)

0||

  Localized

110,902 (47.3%)

10,191 (46.5%)

0.020

46.5%

46.5%

 

  Regional

123,620 (52.7%)

11,717 (53.5%)

0.020

53.5%

53.5%

 

AJCC Stage, n (%)

0||

 I

72,534 (30.9%)

6308 (28.8%)

0.047

29.0%

29.0%

 

 II

76,555 (32.6%)

7493 (34.2%)

0.033

34.0%

34.0%

 

 III

85,433 (36.4%)

8107 (37.0%)

0.012

37.0%

37.0%

 

Pathologic Grade, n (%)

 

 Grade 1

20,118 (8.6%)

1849 (8.4%)

0.005

8.6%

8.4%

0.009

 Grade 2

152,110 (64.9%)

14,279 (65.2%)

0.007

65.1%

65.1%

0.002

 Grade 3

28,649 (12.2%)

2421 (11.1%)

0.036

11.6%

11.1%

0.013

 Grade 4

4060 (1.7%)

349 (1.6%)

0.011

1.7%

1.6%

0.002

 Unknown

29,585 (12.6%)

3010 (13.7%)

0.033

13.1%

13.7%

0.018

TNM-T, n (%)

0||

 T0/T1

42,467 (18.1%)

3700 (16.9%)

0.032

17.0%

17.0%

 

 T2

33,250 (14.2%)

2888 (13.2%)

0.029

13.3%

13.3%

 

 T3

110,435 (47.1%)

10,577 (48.3%)

0.024

48.1%

48.1%

 

 T4

5853 (2.5%)

530 (2.4%)

0.005

2.4%

2.4%

 

 Tx

42,517 (18.1%)

4213 (19.2%)

0.028

19.2%

19.2%

 

TNM-N, n (%)

0||

 N0

134,300 (57.3%)

12,472 (56.9%)

0.007

56.9%

56.9%

 

 N1

21,704 (9.3%)

1918 (8.8%)

0.017

8.8%

8.8%

 

 Nx

78,518 (33.5%)

7518 (34.3%)

0.018

34.3%

34.3%

 

Surgery Status, n (%)

 

 None

10,000 (4.3%)

1196 (5.5%)

0.056

4.6%

5.4%

0.035

 Local tumor surgery

57,439 (24.5%)

4902 (22.4%)

0.050

23.3%

22.6%

0.016

 Colectomy or proctectomy

166,954 (71.2%)

15,787 (72.1%)

0.019

72.0%

71.8%

0.003

 Unknown

129 (0.1%)

23 (0.1%)

0.018

0.1%

0.1%

0.014

Radiotherapy, n (%)

 

 No/Unknown¶

196,403 (83.7%)

18,340 (83.7%)

0.001

83.8%

83.6%

0.006

 Yes

37,171 (15.8%)

3461 (15.8%)

0.001

15.8%

15.9%

0.002

 Refusal

948 (0.4%)

107 (0.5%)

0.013

0.4%

0.5%

0.018

Chemotherapy, n (%)

 

 No/Unknown

147,134 (62.7%)

13,738 (62.7%)

0.001

61.8%

62.8%

0.020

 Yes

87,388 (37.3%)

8170 (37.3%)

0.001

38.2%

37.2%

0.020

Time from Diagnosis to Treatment (Months), n(%)

 

 Mean (SD)

0.7 (1.03)

0.7 (1.19)

0.030

0.7 (0.3)

0.7 (1.1)

0.010

 Median (IQR)

0.0 (0.0, 1.0)

0.0 (0.0, 1.0)

 

0 (0, 1)

0 (0, 1)

 

Time from Diagnosis to Treatment (Months), n(%)

 

 1 month or less

197,456 (84.2%)

17,863 (81.5%)

0.071

82.9%

81.6%

0.032

 2 months

23,042 (9.8%)

2194 (10.0%)

0.006

10.2%

10.0%

0.008

 3 months or more

8912 (3.8%)

1164 (5.3%)

0.073

4.5%

5.2%

0.033

 Unknown

5112 (2.2%)

687 (3.1%)

0.059

2.4%

3.1%

0.047

Tumor Size (mm)

 

 Mean (SD)

45.3 (33.68)

47.7 (34.22)

0.070

47.1 (10)

47.5 (31.6)

0.010

 Median (IQR)

40.0 (27.0, 60.0)

45.0 (30.0, 60.0)

 

43 (30, 60)

44 (30, 60)

 

Tumor Size Group, n (%)

0||

  < 50

126,606 (54.0%)

10,994 (50.2%)

0.076

50.7%

50.7%

 

  ≥ 50

80,163 (34.2%)

8208 (37.5%)

0.069

37.0%

37.0%

 

 Unknown

27,753 (11.8%)

2706 (12.4%)

0.016

12.3%

12.3%

 

Tumor Number of in situ/malignant Tumors

 

 Mean (SD)

1.2 (0.44)

1.2 (0.42)

0.030

1.2 (0.1)

1.2 (0.4)

0.010

 Median (IQR)

1.0 (1.0, 1.0)

1.0 (1.0, 1.0)

 

1 (1, 1)

1 (1, 1)

 

Total Number of in situ/malignant Tumors

0||

 1

201,403 (85.9%)

18,997 (86.7%)

0.020

86.7%

86.7%

 

 2 + 

33,119 (14.1%)

2911 (13.3%)

0.020

13.3%

13.3%

 

Tumor Location, n (%)

0||

 Proximal colon

98,302 (41.9%)

9096 (41.5%)

0.008

41.5%

41.5%

 

 Distal colon

65,032 (27.7%)

6405 (29.2%)

0.033

29.0%

29.0%

 

 Other

71,188 (30.4%)

6407 (29.2%)

0.024

29.5%

29.5%

 
  1. *Using overlap weighting. The weighting aims to construct a pseudo-sample in which persistent poverty status is independent of the baseline demographics and cancer characteristics influencing the likelihood of residing in a persistent poverty census tract.
  2. †Absolute difference in means or proportions divided by pooled standard deviation. The imbalance between the persistent poverty census tract and not persistent poverty census tract groups is defined as an absolute value greater than 0.10; smaller values indicate better balance.
  3. ‡Overlap weighted proportions.
  4. §Overlap-weighted standardized differences. All patient baseline demographics and cancer characteristics were used to estimate the weights.
  5. ||Overlapping weighting resulted in an exact balance for this variable.
  6. Including recommended and unknown if administered.
  7. SD standard deviation.
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