Table 2 Association between sociodemographic, behavioral and health variables with sun protection behaviors (Vigitel 2007–2010).

From: Educational inequalities in sun protection practices among Brazilian adults

 

Univariate

Multivariate

PR

SE

CI-LB

CI-UB

p-value

PR

SE

CI-LB

CI-UB

p-value

Sex

 Male

1.00

–

–

–

 

1.00

–

–

–

–

 Female

1.47

0.01

1.50

1.45

< 0.001

1.46

0.01

1.48

1.43

< 0.001

Age

 18–24 years

1.00

–

–

–

 

1.00

–

–

–

–

 25–34 years

1.13

0.01

1.16

1.10

< 0.001

1.16

0.01

1.19

1.12

< 0.001

 35–44 years

1.18

0.01

1.22

1.15

< 0.001

1.27

0.01

1.31

1.24

< 0.001

 45–54 years

1.15

0.01

1.18

1.12

< 0.001

1.27

0.01

1.31

1.23

< 0.001

 55–64 years

1.12

0.01

1.16

1.09

< 0.001

1.29

0.01

1.33

1.24

< 0.001

 65 and over

1.13

0.01

1.17

1.10

< 0.001

1.32

0.02

1.38

1.27

< 0.001

Race/skin color*

 White

1.00

–

–

–

 

1.00

–

–

–

–

 Black

0.71

0.02

0.73

0.69

< 0.001

0.77

0.02

0.79

0.74

< 0.001

 Brown

0.80

0.01

0.82

0.79

< 0.001

0.87

0.01

0.89

0.86

< 0.001

Marital status

 Married

1.00

–

–

–

–

1.00

–

–

–

–

 Divorced

1.13

0.02

1.17

1.09

< 0.001

1.03

0.02

1.07

0.99

0.142

 Widowed

1.06

0.02

1.10

1.03

< 0.001

0.97

0.02

1.01

0.93

0.101

 Single

0.97

0.01

0.98

0.95

< 0.001

0.97

0.01

0.99

0.95

0.009

Educational attainment

 0–8 years of study

1.00

–

–

–

–

1.00

–

–

–

–

 9–11 years of study

1.17

0.01

1.19

1.14

< 0.001

1.21

0.01

1.23

1.18

< 0.001

 12 years or more

1.51

0.01

1.54

1.47

< 0.001

1.48

0.01

1.52

1.45

< 0.001

Tobacco consumption

 No

1.00

–

–

–

–

1.00

–

–

–

–

 Yes

0.86

0.01

0.88

0.84

< 0.001

0.92

0.01

0.94

0.90

< 0.001

Alcohol consumption

 No

1.00

–

–

–

–

1.00

–

–

–

–

 Yes

1.06

0.01

0.92

1.05

< 0.001

0.97

0.01

0.92

0.95

< 0.001

Nutritional status

 Not overweight

1.00

–

–

–

–

1.00

–

–

–

–

 Overweight

0.93

0.01

0.95

0.91

< 0.001

0.95

0.01

0.97

0.93

< 0.001

 Obesity

0.85

0.01

0.87

0.83

< 0.001

0.87

0.01

0.89

0.85

< 0.001

Self-assessed health

 Very good to fair

1.00

–

–

–

–

1.00

–

–

–

–

 Poor to very poor

0.84

0.02

0.87

0.81

< 0.001

0.87

0.02

0.90

0.84

< 0.001

Morbidities

 Hypertension

  No

1.00

–

–

–

–

1.00

–

–

–

–

  Yes

0.94

0.01

0.96

0.92

< 0.001

0.95

0.01

0.97

0.93

< 0.001

 Diabetes

  No

1.00

–

–

–

–

1.00

–

–

–

–

  Yes

0.92

0.02

0.95

0.89

< 0.001

0.96

0.02

0.99

0.92

0.009

  1. Prevalence ratios and 95% confidence intervals for associations between sociodemographic factors (sex, age, education, skin color, and health-related variables) and protect against ultraviolet radiation. Protect against ultraviolet radiation: Individuals who reported using any sun protection.method (including does not usually expose to the sun, sunscreen, hats/umbrellas, or protective clothing).
  2. PR, prevalence ratio; SE, standard error; CI-LB, lower bound of the 95% confidence interval; CI-UB, upper bound of the 95% confidence interval.
  3. *Data for yellow (Asian) and indigenous skin color groups were omitted due to unreliable statistical estimates (insufficient sample size for robust analysis).
  4. For selecting variables in the multivariate model, we used the stepwise backward criterion, initially including all variables with a p-value < 0.20 in the univariate analysis and those considered biologically plausible.
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