Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the participants.

From: Weight adjusted waist index is a superior obesity index for predicting arterial stiffness in type 2 diabetes mellitus

Parameter

Total

No-AS group

(BaPWV < 1400 cm/s)

AS group

(BaPWV ≥ 1400 cm/s)

P-value

Age(years)

52.23 (10.66)

45.97 (9.92)

54.55 (9.98)

< 0.001

DBP (mmHg)

83.37 (11.14)

80.15 (10.21)

84.54 (11.23)

< 0.001

SBP (mmHg)

135.56 (19.21)

124.12 (14.92)

139.74 (18.88)

< 0.001

Course of diabetes(month)

38.00 (5.00–96.00)

24.00 (1.00–61.00)

48.00(8.50–108.00)

< 0.001

HbA1c (%)

8.33 (2.21)

8.59 (2.44)

8.23 (2.11)

0.007

FPG (mmol/L)

8.67 (3.15)

8.85 (3.37)

8.61 (3.06)

0.193

2hPG (mmol/L)

13.16 (4.57)

12.88 (4.73)

13.27 (4.51)

0.157

ALT (U/L)

25.00(17.00-38.75)

26.00(17.25-40.00)

24.00(17.00–38.00)

0.358

AST (U/L)

26.16 (13.34)

25.83 (13.31)

26.26 (13.34)

0.591

CR (umol/L)

64.00 (22.17)

60.57 (15.53)

65.28 (24.06)

< 0.001

eGFR(mL/min/1.73m2)

106.53 (20.29)

114.95 (16.83)

103.41 (20.60)

< 0.001

TG (mmol/L)

1.82 (1.29–2.81)

1.75 (1.25–2.72)

1.88 (1.31–2.84)

0.126

TC (mmol/L)

4.95 (1.25)

4.92 (1.32)

4.96 (1.22)

0.656

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.26 (0.33)

1.23 (0.32)

1.27 (0.33)

0.026

LDL-C (mmol/L)

2.79 (0.90)

2.77 (0.87)

2.79 (0.91)

0.652

BaPWV (cm/s)

1611.98 (318.81)

1286.30 (86.03)

1731.23 (287.82)

< 0.001

ABI

1.12 (0.08)

1.09 (0.07)

1.13 (0.07)

< 0.001

WC (cm)

67.0 (12.4)

68.7 (12.9)

66.3 (12.2)

0.001

BMI (kg/m2)

25.57 (3.41)

25.46 (3.55)

25.61 (3.35)

0.450

WWI

11.18 (0.66)

10.91 (0.63)

11.27 (0.68)

< 0.001

BRI

4.72 (1.24)

4.40 (1.19)

4.82 (1.25)

< 0.001

ABSI×100

8.28 (0.40)

8.14 (0.41)

8.32 (0.42)

< 0.001

TyG

2.06 (0.74)

2.02 (0.79)

2.07 (0.72)

0.297

Sex (n, %)

0.040

Male

818 (58.18%)

236 (62.60%)

582 (56.56%)

 

Female

588 (41.82%)

141 (37.40%)

447 (43.44%)

 

Drinking status (n, %)

0.030

Never

956 (67.99%)

243 (64.46%)

713 (69.29%)

 

Occasional

104 (7.40%)

39 (10.34%)

65 (6.32%)

 

Everyday

346 (24.61%)

95 (25.20%)

251 (24.39%)

 

Smoking status (n, %)

0.026

Never

884 (62.87%)

220 (58.36%)

664 (64.53%)

 

Former

113 (8.04%)

27 (7.16%)

86 (8.36%)

 

Current everyday

409 (29.09%)

130 (34.48%)

279 (27.11%)

 

Physical activity (n, %)

0.242

No

302 (21.48%)

89 (23.61%)

213 (20.70%)

 

Yes

1104 (78.52%)

288(76.39%)

816 (79.30%)

 

Hypoglycemic medications (n, %)

0.172

No

212 (15.08%)

65 (17.24%)

147 (14.29%)

 

Yes

1194 (84.92%)

312 (82.76%)

882 (85.71%)

 

Hypolipidemic medications (n, %)

0.318

No

1227 (87.27%)

335 (88.86%)

892 (86.69%)

 

Yes

179 (12.73%)

42 (11.14%)

137 (13.31%)

 

Antihypertensive medications (n, %)

< 0.001

No

1027 (73.04%)

333 (88.33%)

694 (67.44%)

 

Yes

379 (26.96%)

44 (11.67%)

335 (32.56%)

 
  1. SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; FPG, fasting plasma glucose; 2hPG, 2-hour postprandial plasma glucose; ALT, alanine aminotransferase; AST, aspartate aminotransferase; TG, triglyceride; TC, total cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; CR, creatinine; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; BMI, body mass index; WC, waist circumference; WWI, weight-adjusted waist index; ABSI, a body shape index; BRI, body roundness index; BaPWV, brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity; ABI, ankle-brachial index; AS, arterial stiffness.
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