Table 2 Signal decomposition Details.
Scale s | Directionθ | Energy Before Ebefore (s, θ) | Energy After Eafter (s, θ)) | Energy Difference (%) | SNR (dB) | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Level 1 | 0∘ (horizontal) | 1.02 | 0.83 | 18.6% | 32.5 | Main fault component, high energy retention |
Level 1 | 45∘ (diagonal) | 0.94 | 0.75 | 20.2% | 31.7 | Partial harmonic components detected |
Level 2 | 90∘ (vertical) | 0.89 | 0.80 | 10.1% | 30.9 | Detects high-frequency transients |
Level 2 | 135∘ (diagonal) | 0.72 | 0.65 | 9.7% | 29.8 | Captures harmonic distortions |
