Table 4 Noise reduction details.

From: Multiscale detection of power quality disturbances and cyber intrusions in smart grids using NSCT and frequency band scalograms

Fault Type

Pre-SALSA SNR (dB)

Post-SALSA SNR (dB)

Noise Reduction (%)

Energy Before

Energy After

Comments

Voltage Sag

20.3

23.7

10.3%

0.58

0.52

Effective noise removal at low frequencies

Harmonics

21.5

24.4

10.2%

0.88

0.79

High-frequency noise slightly reduced

Voltage Swell

20.0

22.7

9.7%

0.72

0.65

Balanced noise reduction across frequencies