Table 1 Anthropometrics of the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle.

From: In vivo tibialis anterior muscle mechanics through force estimation using ankle joint moment and shear wave elastography

 

Ankle angle

− 15°

0°

15°

30°

45°

Muscle length (cm) +

22.86 ± 1.49

23.66 ± 1.72

24.41 ± 1.60

25.61 ± 1.56

26.48 ± 1.58

Tendon length (cm)

19.33 ± 1.52

19.47 ± 1.83

19.51 ± 1.69

19.14 ± 1.75

18.98 ± 1.91

\(ACSA_{TA}\)(cm2)

8.54 ± 2.03

7.94 ± 1.94 *

7.52 ± 1.70 *

7.09 ± 1.36 *

6.90 ± 1.36 *, **

\(PCSA_{TA\;superficial}\)(cm2)

8.68 ± 1.98

7.52 ± 1.44

6.69 ± 1.76 *

6.13 ± 1.52 *, **

5.45 ± 1.76 *, **, ○, □

\(PCSA_{TA\;deep}\)(cm2)

9.10 ± 1.77

7.67 ± 2.22 *

6.98 ± 1.47 *

5.68 ± 1.55 *, **, ○

4.34 ± 0.99 *, **, ○, □

  1. Values are mean ± standard deviation. ACSA: Anatomical cross-sectional area; PCSA, physiological cross-sectional area. + denotes that the muscle length values for each ankle angle are significantly different in all pairwise comparisons. *, **, ○, and □ indicate significant differences from the values measured at − 15°, 0°, 15°, and 30° ankle angles, respectively. p < 0.05 for all pairwise comparisons.
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