Fig. 2

Vandetanib dose–response assessment of Cal62 cells and NTA results. (a) Dose–response curve of Cal62 cells treated with different doses of vandetanib for 48 h in triplicate. The EC10, EC50 and EC80 values are marked as dashed vertical lines. Error bars represent the standard error of the mean (SEM). (b) Mean number of particles in the EV preparations measured by NTA and normalized to the volume of cell culture supernatant. Error bars represent the SEM. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-test was used to compare group means, and asterisks represent significant differences between groups with p-values < 0.01 (**) or < 0.001 (***). (c) Mean particle size distribution (across all three replicates) of the EV preparations measured by NTA and normalized to the volume of cell culture supernatant. (d) Box plots of the particle size distribution for each EV preparation measured by NTA. The lines represent the median, and the lower and upper borders represent the 25th and 75th percentiles. Whiskers represent the 10th and 90th percentiles. One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-test was used to compare group medians, and no significant differences were found.