Table 6 Results of ablation experiments.

From: Online exam cheating detection and blockchain trusted deposit based on YOLOv12

Configuration

Backbone (Layers 6 & 8)

Head (Layer 20)

P (%)

R (%)

mAP50 (%)

Parameters (M)

Description

Baseline YOLOv12n

Original A2C2f

Original C3k2

93.823

94.978

98.156

2,557,118

Original baseline model

Baseline + Backbone Light

Modified Module

Original C3k2

93.769

96.251

98.234

2,043,070

Lightweight improvements for backbone network applications only

Baseline + Head Light

Original A2C2f

C3Ghost

94.816

94.545

98.342

2,354,398

Lightweight improvements for head-only web applications

Full Lightweight Model

Modified Module

C3Ghost

93.019

95.647

98.208

1,840,350

Complete lightweight model (improvements applied to both backbone and header networks)