Fig. 3

Kinetic analysis of Acid Blue 25 adsorption on ZnCS/PLA/PU nanocomposites at pH 2 and 298 K. (A) Adsorption efficiency over time for ZCPP41, ZCPP11, and ZCPP14 NCs; (B) pseudo-second-order (PSO) model fit (t/qt vs. t), showing R² values > 0.98; (C) intraparticle diffusion (IPD) model fit (q_t vs. t^0.5).