Table 3 Kinetic fit parameters for the adsorption of acid blue 25 dye onto ZCPP41, ZCPP11, and ZCPP14 nanocomposites, derived from pseudo-first-order (PFO), pseudo-second-order (PSO), and intraparticle diffusion (IPD) models, with corresponding rate constants, capacities, and correlation coefficients (R²).

From: Eco-friendly zinc-chitosan/poly(l-lactic acid)/polyurethane nanocomposites for dye removal and antimicrobial wastewater treatment

Catalyst

PFO model

PSO model

IPD model

q1 (mg/g)

k1 (min− 1)

R2

q2 (mg/g)

k2(g/mg min)

R2

C

Kipd (mg/g min⁰·⁵)

R2

ZCPP41 NCs

118.31

0.273

0.933

174.3 ± 1.9

0.0071

0.998

145.13

4.33

0.965

ZCPP11 NCs

94.63

0.19

0.908

151.5 ± 3.9

0.0033

0.993

89.70

5.93

0.963

ZCPP14 NCs

33.18

0.17

0.802

53.5 ± 2.2

0.0025

0.980

24.22

3.37

0.966

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