Fig. 9

LISA cluster maps of EVI (2002–2022): Identifies spatial aggregation patterns including high-high clusters (mainly in Tangshan and Qinhuangdao urban areas), low-low clusters (in Xilinguole and northern Chengde), and non-significant clusters.
LISA cluster maps of EVI (2002–2022): Identifies spatial aggregation patterns including high-high clusters (mainly in Tangshan and Qinhuangdao urban areas), low-low clusters (in Xilinguole and northern Chengde), and non-significant clusters.