Table 1 Baseline characteristics of individuals reporting infections associated with antidiabetic drugs.
From: Disproportionality analysis of infection associated with antidiabetic drug use patterns
Characteristic | Participants, n (%) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
SGLT2 | Insulin | GLP1 RA | Metformin | DPP4 | TZD | SU | AGI | |
(n = 13,570) | (n = 11,322) | (n = 5966) | (n = 4451) | (n = 3786) | (n = 1242) | (n = 885) | (n = 61) | |
Sex, n (%) | ||||||||
Male | 6101 (44.96) | 4234 (37.40) | 1851 (31.03) | 1850 (41.56) | 1611 (42.55) | 559 (45.01) | 377 (42.60) | 22 (36.07) |
Female | 7077 (52.15) | 6867 (60.65) | 3947 (66.16) | 2482 (55.76) | 2041 (53.91) | 637 (51.29) | 472 (53.33) | 37 (60.66) |
Unknown | 392 (2.89) | 221 (1.95) | 168 (2.82) | 119 (2.67) | 134 (3.54) | 46 (3.70) | 36 (4.07) | 2 (3.28) |
Age, years, n (%) | ||||||||
0–17 | 10 (0.07) | 252 (2.23) | 20 (0.34) | 8 (0.18) | 2 (0.05) | 2 (0.16) | 0 (0.00) | 1 (1.64) |
18–44 | 1039 (7.66) | 772 (6.82) | 397 (6.65) | 366 (8.22) | 192 (5.07) | 65 (5.23) | 72 (8.14) | 2 (3.28) |
45–64 | 5670 (41.78) | 3021 (26.68) | 1779 (29.82) | 1789 (40.19) | 1086 (28.68) | 455 (36.63) | 249 (28.14) | 21 (34.43) |
≥ 65 | 3733 (27.51) | 3469 (30.64) | 1319 (22.11) | 1350 (30.33) | 1395 (36.85) | 457 (36.80) | 334 (37.74) | 34 (55.74) |
Unknown | 3118 (22.98) | 3808 (33.63) | 2451 (41.08) | 938 (21.07) | 1111 (29.34) | 263 (21.18) | 230 (25.99) | 3 (4.92) |
Reporting year, n (%) | ||||||||
1968–1989 | 0 (0.00) | 15 (0.13) | 0 (0.00) | 2 (0.04) | 0 (0.00) | 0 (0.00) | 30 (3.39) | 0 (0.00) |
1990–1999 | 0 (0.00) | 32 (0.28) | 0 (0.00) | 32 (0.72) | 0 (0.00) | 5 (0.40) | 29 (3.28) | 3 (4.92) |
2000–2009 | 0 (0.00) | 555 (4.90) | 292 (4.89) | 187 (4.20) | 183 (4.83) | 513 (41.30) | 148 (16.72) | 2 (3.28) |
2010–2019 | 6966 (51.33) | 6009 (53.07) | 2318 (38.85) | 2299 (51.65) | 2381 (62.89) | 642 (51.69) | 507 (57.29) | 44 (72.13) |
2020–2024 | 6604 (48.67) | 4711 (41.61) | 3356 (56.25) | 1931 (43.38) | 1222 (32.28) | 82 (6.60) | 171 (19.32) | 12 (19.67) |
Region reporting, n (%) | ||||||||
African region | 59 (0.43) | 426 (3.76) | 12 (0.20) | 27 (0.61) | 12 (0.32) | 2 (0.16) | 7 (0.79) | 0 (0.00) |
Region of the Americas | 6849 (50.47) | 7910 (69.86) | 4867 (81.58) | 2496 (56.08) | 2011 (53.12) | 1036 (83.41) | 555 (62.71) | 8 (13.11) |
Southeast Asia region | 351 (2.59) | 402 (3.55) | 11 (0.18) | 292 (6.56) | 316 (8.35) | 4 (0.32) | 11 (1.24) | 8 (13.11) |
European region | 5191 (38.25) | 1258 (11.11) | 753 (12.62) | 1185 (26.62) | 451 (11.91) | 87 (7.00) | 146 (16.50) | 8 (13.11) |
Eastern Mediterranean region | 70 (0.52) | 349 (3.08) | 83 (1.39) | 25 (0.56) | 18 (0.48) | 2 (0.16) | 7 (0.79) | 0 (0.00) |
Western Pacific region | 1050 (7.74) | 977 (8.63) | 240 (4.02) | 426 (9.57) | 978 (25.83) | 111 (8.94) | 159 (17.97) | 37 (60.66) |
Fatal outcomes, n (%) | ||||||||
Mild | 6525 (48.08) | 5476 (48.37) | 3063 (51.34) | 2229 (50.08) | 2038 (53.83) | 299 (24.07) | 379 (42.82) | 40 (65.57) |
Moderate to severe | 235 (1.73) | 571 (5.04) | 97 (1.63) | 178 (4.00) | 252 (6.66) | 107 (8.62) | 39 (4.41) | 4 (6.56) |
Unknown | 6810 (50.18) | 5275 (46.59) | 2806 (47.03) | 2044 (45.92) | 1496 (39.51) | 836 (67.31) | 467 (52.77) | 17 (27.87) |
Reporter qualification, n (%) | ||||||||
Health professional | 5272 (38.85) | 8751 (77.29) | 4377 (73.37) | 1733 (38.94) | 1430 (37.77) | 396 (31.88) | 285 (32.20) | 11 (18.03) |
Non-health professional | 8011 (59.03) | 2230 (19.70) | 1349 (22.61) | 2527 (56.77) | 2225 (58.77) | 621 (50.00) | 461 (52.09) | 42 (68.85) |
Unknown | 287 (2.11) | 341 (3.01) | 240 (4.02) | 191 (4.29) | 131 (3.46) | 225 (18.12) | 139 (15.71) | 8 (13.11) |
Type of infection, n (%) | ||||||||
Urinary tract infection | 3362 (24.78) | 943 (8.33) | 528 (8.85) | 719 (16.15) | 415 (10.96) | 133 (10.71) | 111 (12.54) | 4 (6.56) |
Cardiac infection | 11 (0.08) | 22 (0.19) | 7 (0.12) | 7 (0.16) | 6 (0.16) | 21 (1.69) | 2 (0.23) | 0 (0.00) |
Gastrointestinal infection | 373 (2.75) | 502 (4.43) | 722 (12.10) | 391 (8.78) | 235 (6.21) | 43 (3.46) | 73 (8.25) | 16 (26.23) |
Upper Respiratory infection | 656 (4.83) | 4077 (36.01) | 2078 (34.83) | 871 (19.57) | 1263 (33.36) | 330 (26.57) | 234 (26.44) | 11 (18.03) |
Lower Respiratory infection | 1247 (9.19) | 4589 (40.53) | 2104 (35.27) | 1219 (27.39) | 1377 (36.37) | 566 (45.57) | 317 (35.82) | 25 (40.98) |
Respiratory infection | 54 (0.40) | 187 (1.65) | 85 (1.42) | 60 (1.35) | 77 (2.03) | 16 (1.29) | 12 (1.36) | 0 (0.00) |
Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic infection | 36 (0.27) | 230 (2.03) | 130 (2.18) | 69 (1.55) | 90 (2.38) | 70 (5.64) | 29 (3.28) | 2 (3.28) |
Musculoskeletal infection | 4163 (30.68) | 463 (4.09) | 141 (2.36) | 566 (12.72) | 125 (3.30) | 32 (2.58) | 53 (5.99) | 2 (3.28) |
Nervous system infection | 38 (0.28) | 159 (1.40) | 41 (0.69) | 34 (0.76) | 27 (0.71) | 9 (0.72) | 14 (1.58) | 1 (1.64) |
Genital infection | 3630 (26.75) | 150 (1.32) | 130 (2.18) | 515 (11.57) | 171 (4.52) | 22 (1.77) | 40 (4.52) | 0 (0.00) |
