Table 1 Clinical information of patients in recurrent and first-episode groups.

From: Elemental composition analysis of calcium-based urinary stones via laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy for enhanced clinical insights

Variables

Recurrent

P value

 

Yes (49) No (73)

 

Age (years)

52.71 ± 13.88

53.02 ± 11.80

0.894

Sex (%)

0.159

Male

26 (53.06%)

48 (65.75%)

 

Female

23 (46.94%)

25 (34.25%)

 

Overweight (BMI > 25)

31 (63.27%)

44 (60.27%)

0.739

BMI (kg/m2)

27.06 ± 4.00

26.29 ± 3.92

0.297

Hypertension (%)

13 (26.53%)

36 (49.32%)

0.012*

Diabetes (%)

5 (10.20%)

8 (11.96%)

0.895

Metabolic syndrome (%)

23 (46.94%)

32 (43.84%)

0.787

TC (mmol/L)

4.70 ± 0.78

4.35 ± 0.85

0.022*

TG (mmol/L)

1.79 ± 1.01

1.73 ± 1.14

0.788

HDL-C (mmol/L)

1.04 ± 0.24

1.12 ± 0.31

0.109

LDL-C (mmol/L)

3.05 ± 1.57

2.71 ± 0.82

< 0.01**

AI

3.71 ± 1.16

3.15 ± 1.31

0.017*

Dyslipidemia

39 (79.59%)

46 (63.01%)

0.051

Serum Na (mmol/L)

142.59 ± 3.00

143.10 ± 2.39

0.299

Serum K (mmol/L)

3.85 ± 0.36

3.85 ± 0.42

0.981

Serum Cl (mmol/L)

107.07 ± 2.79

107.00 ± 2.29

0.874

Serum Ca (mmol/L)

2.33 ± 0.17

2.32 ± 0.13

0.795

Serum P (mmol/L)

1.14 ± 0.22

1.16 ± 0.16

0.574

Serum Mg (mmol/L)

0.90 ± 0.09

0.92 ± 0.09

0.125

Serum UA (µmol/L)

362.70 ± 88.39

350.64 ± 103.93

0.505

Scr (µmol/L)

78.68 ± 28.94

77.13 ± 21.36

0.734

BUN (mmol/L)

5.64 ± 2.15

5.38 ± 1.35

0.412

GLU (mmol/L)

4.86 ± 0.77

5.07 ± 1.04

0.245

Impaired fasting glucose

8 (16.3%)

13 (17.8%)

0.871

Urine pH

6.11 ± 0.59

5.82 ± 0.50

< 0.01**

Stone average CT value (HU)

804.74 ± 206.25

878.05 ± 186.70

0.044*

Positive urine nitrite (%)

5 (10.20%)

5 (6.85%)

0.745

Positive urine culture (%)

18 (36.73%)

17 (23.29%)

0.107

Type of stone

0.057

CaOx

13 (26.53%)

28 (38.36%)

 

CaP

8 (16.33%)

3 (4.11%)

 

CaOx + UA

17 (34.69%)

32 (43.84%)

 

CaOx + CaP

3 (6.12%)

5 (6.85%)

 

CaP + struvite

8 (16.33%)

5 (6.85%)

 

Phosphorus detected by IR (%)

33 (67.35%)

40 (54.79%)

0.166

  1. BMI body mass index, TC total cholestero, TG triglyceride, HDL-C high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, LDL-C low density lipoprotein-cholestero, AI atherosclerosis index, UA uric acid, Scr serum creatinine, BUN blood urea nitrogen, GLU glucose, CT computed tomography, HU Hounsfield unit, IR, Infrared spectrometer. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01.
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