Fig. 2

Performance metric and workflow diagram of the QAOA: (a) Performance measure in term of xRAR. The probability \(P_x\) of correct or valid answers of the x-algorithm that generates L-length bit strings is compared to \(P_R\), which is the correct probability of a random algorithm that generates L-length (uniform) randomly distributed bit strings, (b) The QAOA processing steps in the experiments. The parameters \(\{\beta , \gamma \}\) are angle parameters which is updated during the execution of hybrid quantum-classical algorithm. The threshold value \(\epsilon\) is a stopping parameter. When the difference \(|\Delta |\) between current energy \(E_{i+1}\) and previous one \(E_{i}\) is considered insignificant, the execution of the algorithm is terminated.