Table 2 Demographic, lifestyle, psychiatric, and sleep characteristics of participants with mild depression and depression at baseline and at the 1-year follow-up, stratified by the presence of chronic neck pain.

From: Chronic neck pain as an exacerbating factor for depressive symptoms in a 1-Year longitudinal population study

 

Mild depression

Moderate-to-severe depression

+ Chronic neck pain (n = 137)

– Chronic neck pain (n = 584)

p-value

+ Chronic neck pain (n = 39)

– Chronic neck pain (n = 69)

p-value

Age (Median [IQR])

40.0 [32.5–48.0]

41.0 [32.0–50.0]

0.711

40.0 [32.0–45.0]

39.0 [30.0–50.0]

0.497

Sex (Women)

81 (59.1%)

278 (47.6%)

0.015*

31 (79.5%)

37 (53.6%)

0.008*

Job

123 (89.8%)

540 (92.5%)

0.298

30 (76.9%)

57 (82.6%)

0.473

Current smoking

27 (19.7%)

155 (26.5%)

0.098

10 (25.6%)

22 (31.9%)

0.495

Alcohol

105 (76.5%)

483 (82.7%)

0.1

29 (74.4%)

60 (87.0%)

0.099

 

Mild depression at baseline, n = 721

1-year follow-up of mild depression at baseline, n = 721

Depression at baseline, n = 108

1-year follow-up of moderate-to-severe depression at baseline, n = 108

+ Chronic neck pain (n = 137)

– Chronic neck pain (n = 584)

p -value

+ Chronic neck pain (n = 137)

– Chronic neck pain (n = 584)

p -value

+ Chronic neck pain (n = 39)

– Chronic neck pain (n = 69)

p -value

+ Chronic neck pain (n = 39)

– Chronic neck pain (n = 69)

p -value

GAD-7 (Median [IQR])

6.0 [3.0–8.0]

6.0 [3.0–8.0]

0.536

6.0 [3.0–9.0]

5.0 [2.0–8.0]

0.007*

13.0 [10.0–16.0]

13.0 [9.0–16.0]

0.642

10.0 [7.0–15.0]

8.0 [5.5–13.5]

0.151

PSQI (Median [IQR])

7.0 [5.0–8.0]

6.0 [5.0–7.0]

< 0.001*

6.0 [5.0–7.0]

5.0 [4.0–7.0]

< 0.001*

9.0 [8.0–11.0]

8.0 [7.0–10.0]

0.002*

9.0 [8.0–11.0]

7.0 [6.0–9.0]

0.003*

ISI (Median [IQR])

9.0 [8.0–9.0]

9.0 [7.0–9.0]

0.136

9.0 [7.0–9.0]

8.0 [6.0–9.0]

< 0.001*

18.0 [9.0–21.0]

10.0 [9.0–17.0]

0.004*

17.0 [13.0–22.0]

13.0 [9.0–17.0]

0.007*

WPI (Median [IQR])

6.0 [4.0–8.0]

3.0 [1.0–5.0]

< 0.001*

6.0 [4.0–9.0]

2.0 [1.0–4.0]

< 0.001*

7.0 [5.0–10.0]

4.0 [1.0–6.0]

< 0.001*

7.0 [5.0–9.0]

2.0 [1.0–4.0]

< 0.001*

SSS (Median [IQR])

7.0 [5.0–8.0]

5.0 [3.3-6.0]

< 0.001*

7.0 [5.0–8.0]

5.0 [4.0–7.0]

< 0.001*

8.0 [7.0–9.0]

7.0 [4.5-8.0]

< 0.001*

8.0 [7.0–10.0]

7.0 [5.0-8.5]

< 0.001*

EQ-5d (Median [IQR])

0.913 [0.913–0.950]

0.913 [0.913–0.950]

0.008*

0.913 [0.913–0.913]

0.913 [0.913–0.950]

< 0.001*

0.863 [0.817–0.913]

0.900 [0.817–0.913]

0.499

0.913 [0.863–0.913]

0.913 [0.900-0.913]

0.359

  1. GAD-7 = Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7, PSQI = Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, ISI = Insomnia Severity Index, WPI = Widespread Pain Index, SSS = Symptom Severity Scale, EQ-5d = EuroQol-5Dimention, IQR = Interquartile Range.
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