Fig. 4

The proteināchemical drug interaction network was generated using the STITCH bioinformatics tool based on the 98 selected upregulated peptides identified between the two groups. In the network, proteins are represented as nodes, while oval-shaped nodes denote chemical reagents or drugs. The thickness of each connecting line indicates the strength of the interaction. Green lines represent peptideādrug interactions, red lines indicate drugādrug interactions, and gray lines show peptideāpeptide associations. Highlighted circles indicate the key candidate peptides identified as noteworthy in this study.