Table 3 ANCOVA results for Self-Determined motivation controlling for Pre-test Scores.

From: Evaluating AI-Powered Applications for Enhancing Undergraduate Students’ Metacognitive Strategies, Self-Determined Motivation, and Social Learning in English Language Education

Motivation Type

Adjusted Post-test Mean (Exp)

Adjusted Post-test Mean (Control)

SE

F

p

Partial η²

Intrinsic Motivation

5.69*

4.88

0.18

14.82

< 0.001

0.31

Extrinsic Motivation

5.58**

4.79

0.21

10.75

0.002

0.25

Autonomous Motivation

5.63*

4.84

0.19

12.39

0.001

0.27

  1. Note * p <.001; ** p <.05.
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