Table 3 Clinical scores over the Follow-up period (Mean ± SD).

From: Structural and diffusion imaging in olfactory-related brain regions in Parkinson’s disease: predictors of clinical progression

Measure

Baseline

Second Year

Fourth Year

UPDRS Scores

UPDRS-1 A

1.19 ± 1.43

1.81 ± 2.17

2.12 ± 2.44

UPDRS-1B

3.95 ± 2.98

5.21 ± 3.43

6.68 ± 3.89

UPDRS-1

5.13 ± 3.77

7.02 ± 4.58

8.80 ± 5.46

UPDRS-2

5.59 ± 4.11

7.62 ± 4.94

9.78 ± 6.54

UPDRS-3 (OFF)

21.30 ± 9.64 (N = 90)

26.61 ± 12.27 (N = 41)

29.41 ± 13.66 (N = 66)

UPDRS-3 (ON)

20.71 ± 10.79 (N = 76)

21.01 ± 13.21 (N = 92)

UPDRS-4

0.75 ± 1.75 (N = 8)

0.57 ± 1.28 (N = 85)

1.58 ± 2.47 (N = 93)

Cognitive Scores

JLO

12.71 ± 2.23

12.79 ± 1.97

12.78 ± 1.94

HVLTR

25.36 ± 5.32

24.31 ± 5.81

24.49 ± 5.95

HVLDR

8.55 ± 2.66

8.56 ± 3.07

8.33 ± 3.35

MoCA

27.48 ± 2.21

26.87 ± 2.62

27.24 ± 2.99

LNS

10.78 ± 2.75

10.46 ± 2.87

10.27 ± 3.18

SF

50.32 ± 11.12

51.36 ± 12.02

49.96 ± 12.89

SDM

41.19 ± 9.79

40.92 ± 10.37

39.37 ± 11.24

GDS

2.17 ± 2.17

2.41 ± 2.72

2.28 ± 2.30

  1. UPDRS: the Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale, JLO: the Benton Judgment of Line Orientation test, HVLTR: the Hopkins Verbal Learning Total Recall test, HVLDR: the Hopkins Verbal Learning Delayed Recall test, MoCA: the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test, LNS: the Letter-Number Sequencing test, SF: the Semantic Fluency test, SDM: the Symbol Digit Modalities test, GDS: Geriatric Depression Scale (short form).
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