Table 4 Cognitive decline or change per 1 SD increase in baseline imaging biomarkers. Negative values indicate worse performance (decline), whereas positive values indicate better performance (less decline).
Baseline Biomarker (↑1 SD) | Cognitive Outcome (years) | Change in Outcome per 1 SD | Approx. Raw Change |
|---|---|---|---|
Amygdala MD (right) | HVLDR (0–4 yr) | –0.36 SD (decline) | ≈ − 1.0 point (of 12) |
Thalamus MD (right) | HVLTR (0–4 yr) | –0.42 SD (decline) | ≈ − 2.2 points (of 36) |
Insula MD (left) | SDM score (0–4 yr) | –0.40 SD (decline) | ≈ − 3.9 points |
OFC MD (lat. OFC, right) | LNS score (0–4 yr) | –0.34 SD (decline) | ≈ − 0.9 points |
Amygdala Volume (right) | HVLDR (0–2 yr) | + 0.26 SD (less decline) | ≈ +0.7 points (of 12) |
Entorhinal Thickness (right) | HVLTR (2–4 yr) | + 0.35 SD (less decline) | ≈ +1.9 points (of 36) |
OFC Cortical Thickness (left lat. OFC) | Semantic Fluency (0–2 yr) | + 0.40 SD (improvement) | ≈ +4.5 words |
