Fig. 2 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 2

From: Development of a serum protein biomarker panel for the diagnosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma using a machine learning approach

Fig. 2

Serum protein biomarker expression profiles in patients with PDA and healthy controls. (a) Heatmap illustrating the intensity and distribution of serum protein biomarkers in patients with PDA and healthy controls. Rows represent individual biomarkers, and columns represent individual samples. Higher expression levels are indicated in red, while lower levels are shown in blue. (b) Boxplots of Z-score distributions for 47 serum protein biomarkers across three groups: healthy controls (blue), early-stage (stage I/II, orange) PDA, and advanced-stage (stage III/IV, red) PDA. Each box represents the IQR, with whiskers extending to 1.5 times the IQR; individual dots indicate outliers. (c) Scatter plots comparing biomarker distributions in Cohort A. (d) Scatter plots comparing biomarker distributions in Cohort B.

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