Table 1 Diagnostic performance of biomarker combination panels for diagnosing PDA in cohort A.
Biomarker panel | AUROC (95% CI) | F1 score (95% CI) | Accuracy (95% CI) | SN (recall) (95% CI) | SP (95% CI) | PPV (precision) (95% CI)* | NPV (95% CI)* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All-stage PDA vs. healthy control | |||||||
CA19-9, GDF15, suPAR | 0.992 (0.985–0.997) | 0.962 (0.939–0.981) | 0.963 (0.942–0.980) | 0.954 (0.915–0.984) | 0.972 (0.945–0.994) | 0.971 (0.944–0.994) | 0.957 (0.921–0.984) |
CA19-9, GDF15, IL-8 | 0.987 (0.978–0.995) | 0.948 (0.923–0.972) | 0.949 (0.927–0.970) | 0.943 (0.909–0.979) | 0.956 (0.930–0.986) | 0.953 (0.921–0.985) | 0.945 (0.909–0.978) |
IL-8, GDF15, suPAR | 0.954 (0.934–0.974) | 0.877 (0.848–0.913) | 0.882 (0.851–0.914) | 0.862 (0.817–0.911) | 0.901 (0.848–0.942) | 0.893 (0.840–0.944) | 0.872 (0.828–0.915) |
CA19-9, GDF15 | 0.983 (0.970–0.993) | 0.945 (0.921–0.967) | 0.946 (0.925–0.968) | 0.931 (0.883–0.962) | 0.961 (0.937–0.988) | 0.959 (0.930–0.988) | 0.935 (0.895–0.962) |
IL-8, GDF15 | 0.944 (0.923–0.964) | 0.873 (0.842–0.908) | 0.879 (0.851–0.914) | 0.851 (0.804–0.898) | 0.906 (0.861–0.944) | 0.897 (0.847–0.941) | 0.863 (0.822–0.907) |
IL-8, suPAR | 0.944 (0.926–0.963) | 0.861 (0.825–0.893) | 0.865 (0.835–0.897) | 0.856 (0.803–0.905) | 0.873 (0.832–0.917) | 0.866 (0.824–0.915) | 0.863 (0.814–0.915) |
CA19-9 | 0.952 (0.919–0.973) | 0.907 (0.874–0.934) | 0.913 (0.882–0.935) | 0.874 (0.822–0.916) | 0.950 (0.917–0.975) | 0.944 (0.908–0.974) | 0.887 (0.843–0.919) |
IL-8 | 0.914 (0.886–0.946) | 0.846 (0.807–0.884) | 0.856 (0.817–0.887) | 0.805 (0.747–0.860) | 0.906 (0.862–0.943) | 0.892 (0.835–0.933) | 0.828 (0.770–0.873) |
GDF15 | 0.861 (0.822–0.894) | 0.772 (0.717–0.821) | 0.777 (0.736–0.819) | 0.770 (0.710–0.814) | 0.785 (0.720–0.853) | 0.775 (0.704–0.847) | 0.780 (0.721–0.822) |
suPAR | 0.838 (0.792–0.871) | 0.722 (0.657–0.762) | 0.735 (0.680–0.773) | 0.701 (0.628–0.759) | 0.768 (0.698–0.830) | 0.744 (0.681–0.806) | 0.728 (0.659–0.783) |
HGF | 0.820 (0.777–0.858) | 0.729 (0.678–0.785) | 0.746 (0.700–0.790) | 0.695 (0.626–0.754) | 0.796 (0.731–0.851) | 0.766 (0.702–0.837) | 0.731 (0.665–0.783) |
Early-stage PDA vs. healthy control | |||||||
CA19-9, GDF15, suPAR | 0.976 (0.957–0.994) | 0.878 (0.794–0.938) | 0.955 (0.933–0.975) | 0.857 (0.725–0.939) | 0.978 (0.953–0.998) | 0.900 (0.813–0.989) | 0.967 (0.942–0.987) |
CA19-9, GDF15, IL-8 | 0.961 (0.917–0.990) | 0.889 (0.815–0.943) | 0.960 (0.937–0.982) | 0.857 (0.750–0.948) | 0.983 (0.966-1.000) | 0.923 (0.848-1.000) | 0.967 (0.940–0.989) |
IL-8, GDF15, suPAR | 0.962 (0.939–0.981) | 0.775 (0.652–0.851) | 0.919 (0.874–0.955) | 0.738 (0.571–0.849) | 0.961 (0.932–0.989) | 0.816 (0.694–0.947) | 0.941 (0.906–0.969) |
CA19-9, GDF15 | 0.950 (0.905–0.985) | 0.835 (0.755–0.903) | 0.942 (0.919–0.966) | 0.786 (0.667–0.891) | 0.978 (0.952–0.995) | 0.892 (0.783–0.971) | 0.952 (0.923–0.974) |
IL-8, GDF15 | 0.917 (0.858–0.954) | 0.720 (0.585–0.812) | 0.906 (0.859–0.942) | 0.643 (0.493–0.774) | 0.967 (0.934–0.989) | 0.818 (0.684–0.938) | 0.921 (0.878–0.956) |
IL-8, suPAR | 0.947 (0.915–0.968) | 0.709 (0.559–0.788) | 0.897 (0.856–0.928) | 0.667 (0.500-0.767) | 0.950 (0.922–0.981) | 0.757 (0.642–0.896) | 0.925 (0.884–0.953) |
CA19-9 | 0.868 (0.774–0.933) | 0.747 (0.644–0.851) | 0.915 (0.881–0.953) | 0.667 (0.529–0.786) | 0.972 (0.949–0.994) | 0.848 (0.727–0.957) | 0.926 (0.895–0.959) |
GDF15 | 0.863 (0.812–0.916) | 0.568 (0.442–0.699) | 0.857 (0.814–0.910) | 0.500 (0.372–0.633) | 0.939 (0.909–0.971) | 0.656 (0.506–0.813) | 0.890 (0.850–0.939) |
suPAR | 0.854 (0.773–0.908) | 0.526 (0.376–0.652) | 0.839 (0.789–0.881) | 0.476 (0.338–0.611) | 0.923 (0.882–0.956) | 0.588 (0.412–0.751) | 0.884 (0.835–0.929) |
HGF | 0.836 (0.765–0.897) | 0.543 (0.400-0.657) | 0.857 (0.802–0.899) | 0.452 (0.300-0.578) | 0.950 (0.918–0.978) | 0.679 (0.535–0.833) | 0.882 (0.824–0.919) |
IL-8 | 0.809 (0.733–0.882) | 0.727 (0.597–0.823) | 0.906 (0.870–0.940) | 0.667 (0.506–0.781) | 0.961 (0.934–0.984) | 0.800 (0.692–0.915) | 0.926 (0.885–0.959) |
