Table 2 Pulmonary outcomes in type 2 diabetes.

From: Association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist therapy and respiratory illness in patients with type 2 diabetes: a retrospective observational cohort study

Pulmonary outcomes

After propensity score matching with a longest 10-year follow-up

GLP-1 RA (n = 158,224)

DDP4i (n = 158,224)

GLP-1 RA vs. DDP4i

Events/ number at risk† (%)

HR (95%CI)

p value

FDR-adjusted p value

Primary outcomes

     

Lung cancer

1083/158,224 (0.7)

1396/158,224 (0.9)

0.82 (0.76–0.89)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Trachea

10/158,224 (< 0.1)

14/158,224 (< 0.1)

0.47 (0.18–1.21)

0.109

0.191

Bronchus

1079/158,224 (0.7)

1389/158,224 (0.9)

0.87 (0.81–0.95)

0.001

0.001

Secondary outcomes

     

Influenza and pneumonia

16,611/146,544 (11.3)

19,444/146,248 (13.3)

0.94 (0.92–0.96)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Other acute lower lung infection

8318/147,667 (5.6)

10,396/146,602 (7.1)

0.85 (0.82–0.87)

< 0.001‡

< 0.001

Suppurative lung disease

392/157,816 (0.2)

586/157.781 (0.4)

0.74 (0.65–0.84)

< 0.001

< 0.001

Pulmonary fibrosis

1792/157,266 (1.1)

2192/157,256 (1.4)

0.92 (0.87–0.98)

0.010

0.018

  1. GLP-1 RA glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist, DPP4i dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor, HR hazard ratio, CI confidence interval, FDR Benjamini-Hochberg false discovery rate. † The number at risk refers to patients who have not experienced the outcome before follow-up begins. ‡ This indicates a violation of the proportional hazard’s assumption in Cox regression.
Back to article page