Fig. 3
From: Men’s impulsivity underpins gender differences in aggressive behaviour

General cross-lagged, coupled oscillatory model of aggression. A general model representing overall aggression trends based on data from all pairs. The model attempts to account for the aggressor’s next blast level selection (AR3) based on their preceding level, velocity and acceleration, and their target’s preceding level, velocity, and acceleration. The number to the right of the aggressor’s next blast level is the intercept of the model (2.00), indicating the predicted blast level if all input variables are zero. The number along the paths from each predictor to the aggressor’s next blast level represent the increase in predicted blast level for every one unit increase in the associated predictor. For example, if the aggressor’s velocity increases one unit, we expect a 1.03 unit increase in their subsequent blast. This means that if the aggressor’s velocity is 1, and all else in the model is zero, the predicted blast is 3.03 (i.e., 2.00 + 1.03). All predictors are strongly significant, and the general model explains ~ 74% of variance in the aggressor’s next blast level selection.