Table 2 List of phantom layers designed for the calcaneal, midfoot, and forefoot regions in healthy and diabetic models.
Model region | Condition | Thickness (mm) | Shore-OOO | Stiffness variations | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
V1 | V2 | V3 | ||||
Calcaneal model | ||||||
Plantar skin | Healthy | 1.6* | 20–56 | 20 | 35 | 56 |
Plantar fat pad | Healthy | 16 | 20–52 | 20 | 35 | 50 |
Plantar fascia | Healthy | 3 | 35–47 | 35 | 45 | 50 |
Calcaneal model | ||||||
Plantar skin | Diabetic | 2 | 30–62+ | 30 | 45 | 65 |
Plantar fat pad | Diabetic | 16 | 29–52 | 30 | 40 | 50 |
Plantar fascia | Diabetic | 4 | 43–53 | 45 | 50 | 55 |
Midfoot model | ||||||
Plantar skin | Healthy | 0.75 * | 39–43 | 35 | 40 | 45 |
Plantar fat pad | Healthy | 7 | 24–28 | 20 | 25 | 30 |
Plantar fascia | Healthy | 2 | 34–47 | 35 | 45 | 50 |
Intrinsic foot muscle | Healthy | 10 | 3–13 | 10 | ||
Midfoot model | ||||||
Plantar skin | Diabetic | 0.6* | 49–51 | 50 | 55 | 60 |
Plantar fat pad | Diabetic | 4 | 30–41 | 30 | 35 | 40 |
Plantar fascia | Diabetic | 3 | 25–38 | 25 | 35 | 40 |
Intrinsic foot muscle | Diabetic | 9 | > 13 | 20 | ||
Forefoot model | ||||||
Plantar skin | Healthy | 2.5 | 44 | 45 | ||
Plantar fat pad | Healthy | 7 | 23–40 | 20 | 30 | 40 |
Plantar fascia | Healthy | 1 | 15–34 | 15 | 25 | 35 |
Intrinsic foot muscle | Healthy | 11 | 6–30 | 15 | 20 | 30 |
Forefoot model | ||||||
Plantar skin | Diabetic | 1.8 | 51 | 51 | ||
Plantar fat pad | Diabetic | 8 | 37–60 | 35 | 45 | 60 |
Plantar fascia | Diabetic | 1 | 28–46 | 30 | 35 | 45 |
Intrinsic foot muscle | Diabetic | 11 | 17–27 | 17 | 25 | 30 |
