Fig. 3 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 3

From: Dual-targeting antioxidant and anti-glycation strategy inhibits melanogenesis through clinical and mechanistic study

Fig. 3

Antioxidant effects of dual-effect composition (DEC)-containing serum in a pigmented full-thickness human skin model exposed to methylglyoxal (MGO) and UV irradiation. (A) Fluorescence staining for reactive oxygen species (ROS). Immunofluorescence staining for (B) nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), (C) superoxide dismutase (SOD), and (D) glutathione peroxidase 1 (GSH-Px1). Scale bar = 50 μm. Data are expressed as the mean ± SD (n = 3). ##P < 0.01 vs. blank control (BC; untreated baseline). **P < 0.01 vs. negative control (NC; MGO + UV irradiation). ^P < 0.05 and ^^P < 0.01; ns, not significant (P > 0.05). Positive control (PC) was treated with a combination of vitamin C and vitamin E.

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