Table 1 Definitions of symbols.
Symbol | Explanation |
|---|---|
\(C_{elec}\) | Energy consumption of the electronic component |
\(C_{amp}\) | Energy consumption of the signal amplifier |
\(C_{da}\) | Energy consumption for data aggregation |
\(C_{TX}\) | Energy consumption of the transmission module |
\(C_{RX}\) | Energy consumption of the reception module |
d | Communication distance |
\(d_{0}\) | Threshold distance for energy consumption model |
k | Length of the data packet (bits) |
L | Length of the monitoring area side |
N | Total number of nodes in the network |
M | Number of cluster heads in the current round |
\(w_{CH}\) | x-coordinate of a cluster head |
\(h_{CH}\) | y-coordinate of a cluster head |
\(w_{BS}\) | x-coordinate of the base station |
\(h_{BS}\) | y-coordinate of the base station |
\(dCH-BS\) | Average distance from cluster heads to the base station |
\(C_{residual}\) | Average residual energy of all network nodes |
\(w_1, w_2\) | Dynamic weighting factors for the fitness function |
\(\sigma _A\) | Standard deviation of nodes’ residual energy |
\(C_{thresh}\) | Energy threshold for node selection |
\(\gamma\) | Cloning ratio parameter |
\(\alpha , \beta , \delta\) | Hierarchical roles of gray wolves (alpha, beta, delta) |
\(max\_iterations\) | Maximum number of algorithm iterations |
