Table 5 Comparison of biodiesel yield using various zeolite-based catalysts in transesterification.
No | Catalyst | Feedstock | Molar ratio (Oil:MeOH) | Catalyst loading (wt%) | Temp (°C) | Time (min) | Yield (%) | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Na2O/ANM (This study) | Low grade CPO | 1:12 | 4 | 65 | 60 | 80.08 | Present study |
2 | Na2O/NaX | Sunflower oil | 1:10 | 5 | 60 | 120 | 76.0 | |
3 | Li/NaY | Soybean oil | 1:12 | 4 | 65 | 180 | 98.6 | |
4 | CaO/Zeolite | Waste lard | 1:15 | 6 | 70 | 90 | 90.89 | |
5 | K2O/ANM | Kapok seed oil | 1:12 | 4 | 65 | 60 | 85.45 | |
6 | K2O/Al2O3 (Ultrasound) | Off-grade CPO | 1:15 | 3 | 60 | 35 | 88.06 |
