Table 1 Summary & highlights from existing studies in literature.
References | Year | Method/Approach | Hardware/Software Highlights | Key Technical Contributions | Limitations |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2023 | FPGA based PQA for real time detection of PQ disturbances | Custom FPGA platform, VHDL design, real time signal acquisition | Dedicated FPGA architecture for fast detection, low latency with parallel processing abilities | Requires specialized FPGA design skills, costly design, lacks in cloud integration | |
2019 | Low voltage meter for monitoring PQ disturbances in smart grids. | Customer hardware, microcontroller based design, communication using standard IoT protocols | Real time monitoring of disturbances with low cost design, suitable for smart grids, field validation in LV networks | Lacks integration with advanced analytics; limited to work over low voltages only | |
2021 | IoT based energy meter with PQ monitoring & analysis capability | IoT module with voltage & current sensors, cloud database | Combines energy metering mechanism with PQ parameter logging, remote access using IoT cloud interface | Limited analytics, no forecasting using ML | |
2024 | IoT based smart energy meter with extended range of features for smart grid management | Hardware for three phase metering, web dashboard; cloud IoT interface | Supports distributed energy sources with integration to smart grid architecture | No robustness analysis for field noise | |
2023 | IoT based secured data monitoring for renewable source fed micro grids | Arduino based wireless sensor network, Security enhancement with AES encryption | Secured data transmission, continuous monitoring & renewable source integration | Limited PQ parameters | |
2023 | Portable PQ monitoring system with enhanced protection | IoT based design using CTs, & PTs with MCU and protection relays | Field portable monitor with protection features and extended support to micro-grid monitoring | More focus on protection and portability, less on real time analytics | |
2024 | UPQS for PQ improvement in hybrid energy systems | Simulation of 3 phase PV, wind, BESS integrated UPQS | Mitigation of swells, sags, harmonics while highlighting hybrid energy integration options | Simulation only; no hardware design involved | |
2023 | All in one 3 phase smart meter with IoT based PQ analyser | Open hardware with ability to do advanced computations | IoT integration, open source design, measurement of harmonics and other symmetrical components | Needs technical expertise for field deployment | |
2023 | PQ analysis for non-linear and non-sinusoidal loads | 3 domain analysis algorithms | Works in non-linear conditions, compensates and classifies current components | Lab testing only, no IoT design involved | |
2021 | IoT based domestic PQ monitoring solution | Non-invasive sensors with NodeMCU | Low cost, IoT based solution for domestic energy usage monitoring | No industrial grade design, limited PQ analysis options | |
2020 | Cloud based, IoT PQ monitoring system for industrial drives | Embedded IoT devices with cloud analytics features | Industrial drive specific, limited generalization options | PQ anomalies in industrial drives | |
2021 | IoT based platform for PD detection using heterogeneous sensors | Novel nano technology based piezoelectric sensors, FPGA based denoising mechanism and BLE for communication | Implements advanced wavelet based denoising principle, supports now energy communication for feeding data to central servers | Focuses on PD only, no classical PQ monitoring. Not recommended for billing grade measurement accuracy. |
