Table 4 Regression analysis of sociodemographic variables with periodontal disease.
From: A community cross-sectional study on oral health status among rural and urban inhabitants of Zambia
Univariable analysis | Multivariable analysis OR (95% CI) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95% CI) | Significance | OR (95% CI) | Significance | |
Gender | ||||
Man | Reference | |||
Woman | 0.74 (0.42–1.29) | 0.290 | ||
Age | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | ||
Young adults < 40 years | Reference | Reference | ||
Middle adults 40–59 years | 3.39 (1.71–6.71) | < 0.001 | 2.89 (1.40–5.95) | 0.0041 |
Old adults 60 + years | 7.63 (3.54–16.46) | < 0.001 | 5.08 (2.22–11.60) | < 0.001 |
Education | ||||
Incomplete primary school or less | Reference | Reference | ||
Completed primary school or more | 0.33 (0.19–0.59) | < 0.001 | 0.42 (0.22–0.82) | 0.011 |
Living with partner | ||||
Yes | Reference | |||
No | 1.45 (0.78–2.69) | 0.244 | ||
Habitat | ||||
Urban | Reference | |||
Rural | 0.87 (0.50–1.53) | 0.634 | ||
Serious disease | ||||
No | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 0.44 (0.25–0.77) | 0.0043 | 0.68 (0.35–1.31) | 0.249 |
Smoking | 0.012 | 0.604 | ||
No | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 2.47 (1.37–4.49) | 0.0028 | 1.52 (0.64–3.62) | 0.343 |
Ex-smoker | 1.47 (0.52–4.11) | 0.466 | 1.41 (0.47–4.26) | 0.545 |
Smokeless tobacco | ||||
No | Reference | Reference | ||
Yes | 2.52 (1.18–5.38) | 0.017 | 0.91 (0.33–2.56) | 0.865 |
Alcohol use | 0.0056 | 0.042 | ||
Never/seldom | Reference | Reference | ||
Once a month | 3.71 (1.65–8.34) | 0.0015 | 3.26 (1.29–8.21) | 0.012 |
Once a week | 1.57 (0.67–3.67) | 0.300 | 1.25 (0.46–3.40) | 0.663 |
Several times a week | 2.51 (1.15–5.46) | 0.021 | 2.60 (0.98–6.88) | 0.055 |
