Fig. 2

Plots illustrating (a) the FT-IR spectra of ZnO nanoparticles, CS, and P-CS-ZnO NPs; (b) the UV–Vis absorption spectra of ZnO nanoparticles, P-CS-ZnO NPs, and NF-CS-ZnO NPs nanohybrids; and (c) the corresponding energy band gaps of ZnO nanoparticles, P-CS-ZnO NPs, and NF-CS-ZnO NPs nanohybrids.