Table 2 Percentage of positive antibody detections via competitive ELISA (for the generic detection of antibodies to AIV nucleoprotein) and via haemagglutination inhibition assay and/or ELISA (for the detection of H5, H13 and H16 subtype-specific AIV antibodies) for individuals of each species.

From: Asymptomatic infection and antibody prevalence to co-occurring avian influenza viruses vary substantially between sympatric seabird species following H5N1 outbreaks

Species

cELISA

(H1-H16)

H5 HI

H13 HI

H16 HI

H5 ELISA

Antibody co-occurrence

Shag

1.1% (1/87)

0% (0/92)

Not tested*

Not tested*

100% (1/1)

 

Kittiwake

78.7% (48/61)

0% (0/69)

19.0% (4/21)

95.2% (20/21)

0% (0/39)

H16 + H13 (n = 4)

Razorbill

31.9% (15/47)

0% (0/44)

0% (0/13)

30.8% (4/13)

7.7% (1/13)

H5 + H16 (n = 1)

Guillemot

41.3% (19/46)

2.4% (1/42)

0% (0/15)

0% (0/15)

33.3% (6/18)

 

Puffin

36.4% (16/44)

0% (0/42)

0% (0/13)

0% (0/13)

7.7% (1/13)

 
  1. Number of positives in those tested is given in brackets.Incidences of co-occurring antibodies to more than one subtype, and number of individuals in which this occurred also given. *H13/H16 HI assays were only performed in individuals testing positive via cELISA, and negative via H5 HI, with sufficient plasma remaining. Note, the single shag positive by cELISA was volume depleted and could not be assessed for H13/H16.
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