Fig. 5 | Scientific Reports

Fig. 5

From: The Big Bang of an epidemic: a metapopulation approach to identify the spatiotemporal origin of contagious diseases and their universal spreading pattern

Fig. 5

Estimated effective distance vs overtaking time (empirical data result): The estimated effective distance (S.M. 2.9) versus the scaled overtaking time (pt) is illustrated for (A) the COVID-19 pandemic in Iran (assuming Qom to be the source), (B) the COVID-19 pandemic in the US (assuming Washington to be the source), and (C) H1N1 pandemic in the world (2009) (assuming Mexico to be the source), We estimated the effective distance and overtaking time of the nodes, using the method in section 2.9 and the empirical data (\(\vec {I^e}(t_e)\)) of the pandemics. Please refer to the S. M. Section 4 for more details regarding the data.

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