Fig. 6

Liraglutide inhibited HG-induced ferroptosis in HK-2 cells. (A–B) The cell viability of HK-2 cells treated with HG with 0, 10, 20, 30, and 50 mM for 24 h and 48 h respectively (n = 5, **p < 0.01 vs. Con group). (C) The cell viability of HK-2 cells treated HG (30 mM), RSL3 (5 µM), liraglutide (LIRA, 500 nM), and Fer-1 (5 µM) (n = 6). (D–E) The cell viability of HK-2 cells detected by flow cytometry (n = 3). (F) The ultrastructure of HK-2 cells mitochondria was observed by TEM (scale bar = 1.0 μm, n = 3). (G) The JC-1 staining of HK-2 cells (scale bar = 100 μm, n = 3). (H–I) The fluorescence absorption spectrum of BODIPY 581/591 C11 (scale bar = 100 μm, n = 5). (J) The expression and statistics of GPX-4 and Fsp1 proteins (n = 3). (K) The immunofluorescence double label staining of Fsp1 and 4-HNE (scale bar = 50 μm, n = 3). (L–M) The ratio of NAD⁺/NADH and CoQ10 (H₂)/CoQ10 (n = 4). The results are presented as the mean ± SEM. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 vs. Con group. ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01 vs. HG group.