Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study cohort (n = 422) divided in patients without benefit and with benefit or neutral outcome.
From: Risk factors for non-benefit of implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy
Variables | No Benefit (n = 84) | Benefit or neutral (n = 338) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 72.9 ± 6.9 | 65.3 ± 11.8 | < 0.001 |
Women (♀), n (%) | 17 (20) | 69 (20) | 0.971 |
Primary prevention, n (%) | 72 (86) | 251 (74) | 0.027 |
Secondary prevention, n (%) | 12 (14) | 87 (26) | 0.027 |
Early implantation (years 2011–2015), n (%) | 61 (73) | 178 (53) | < 0.001 |
Cardiac resynchronisation therapy, n (%) | 30 (36) | 104 (31) | 0.384 |
Generator replacement, n (%) | 12 (14) | 72 (21) | 0.150 |
Inadequate ICD shock, n (%) | 6 (7) | 24 (7) | 0.989 |
Medical history | |||
Hypertension, n (%) | 68 (81) | 248 (73) | 0.152 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 39 (46) | 109 (32) | 0.015 |
Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 48 (57) | 193 (57) | 0.949 |
Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 32 (38) | 129 (38) | 0.991 |
Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 36 (43) | 112 (33) | 0.083 |
Stroke and/or TIA, n (%) | 18 (21) | 55 (16) | 0.263 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%) | 20 (24) | 43 (13) | 0.011 |
Peripheral artery disease, n (%) | 21 (25) | 53 (16) | 0.044 |
Kidney disease, n (%) | 55 (65) | 134 (40) | < 0.001 |
Anemia, n (%) | 39 (46) | 90 (27) | < 0.001 |
Medication | |||
ACEI or ARB or ARNI, n (%) | 76 (90) | 304 (90) | 0.489 |
Betablocker, n (%) | 78 (93) | 300 (89) | 0.178 |
Loop diuretics, n (%) | 69 (82) | 218 (64) | 0.001 |
Aldosterone antagonist, n (%) | 45 (54) | 214 (63) | 0.112 |
Amiodarone, n (%) | 17 (20) | 44 (13) | 0.085 |
Echocardiography | |||
Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 32 ± 9 | 32 ± 11 | 0.721 |
Mitral valve regugitation, n (%) | 57 (68) | 224 (66) | 0.418 |
Tricuspid valve regurgitation, n (%) | 42 (50) | 139 (41) | 0.079 |
Electrocardiography | |||
Heart rate (beats/min) | 75 ± 16 | 76 ± 20 | 0.721 |
Sinus rhythm, n (%) | 58 (69) | 276 (82) | 0.021 |
Left bundle branch block, n (%) | 19 (23) | 98 (29) | 0.243 |
Laboratory parameters | |||
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 12.7 ± 1.8 | 13.5 ± 1.9 | < 0.001 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | < 0.001 |
