Table 4 Clinical characteristics of study patients (n = 422) divided in early (2011–2015, n = 239) and late implantation (2016–2020, n = 183).
From: Risk factors for non-benefit of implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy
Variable | Early implantation (n = 239) | Late implantation (n = 183) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
No Benefit (n = 61) | Benefit or neutral (n = 178) | P value | No Benefit (n = 23) | Benefit or neutral (n = 160) | P value | |
Age (years) | 72.8 ± 6.7 | 65.8 ± 11.5 | < 0.001 | 72.9 ± 7.6 | 65.0 ± 12.1 | 0.003 |
Women (♀), n (%) | 15 (25) | 39 (22) | 0.666 | 2 (9) | 30 (19) | 0.378 |
Primary prevention, n (%) | 51 (84) | 141 (79) | 0.456 | 21 (91) | 110 (69) | 0.026 |
Secondary prevention, n (%) | 10 (16) | 37 (21) | 0.456 | 2 (9) | 50 (31) | 0.026 |
Cardiac resynchronisation therapy, n (%) | 20 (33) | 52 (29) | 0.600 | 10 (43) | 52 (33) | 0.298 |
Inadequate ICD shock, n (%) | 4 (7) | 15 (8) | 0.788 | 2 (9) | 9 (6) | 0.632 |
Medical history | ||||||
Hypertension, n (%) | 47 (77) | 130 (73) | 0.537 | 21 (91) | 118 (74) | 0.072 |
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 25 (41) | 64 (36) | 0.483 | 14 (61) | 45 (28) | 0.002 |
Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 37 (61) | 106 (60) | 0.953 | 11 (48) | 87 (54) | 0.700 |
Myocardial infarction, n (%) | 22 (36) | 72 (40) | 0.545 | 10 (43) | 57 (36) | 0.465 |
Atrial fibrillation, n (%) | 24 (39) | 47 (26) | 0.047 | 12 (52) | 65 (41) | 0.306 |
Stroke and/or TIA, n (%) | 12 (20) | 22 (12) | 0.158 | 6 (26) | 33 (21) | 0.550 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, n (%) | 13 (21) | 26 (15) | 0.221 | 7 (30) | 17 (11) | 0.008 |
Peripheral artery disease, n (%) | 13 (21) | 20 (11) | 0.049 | 8 (35) | 33 (21) | 0.128 |
Kidney disease, n (%) | 42 (69) | 77 (43) | < 0.001 | 13 (57) | 57 (36) | 0.054 |
Anemia, n (%) | 26 (43) | 42 (24) | 0.004 | 13 (57) | 48 (30) | 0.012 |
Medication | ||||||
ACEI or ARB or ARNI, n (%) | 55 (90) | 159 (89) | 0.607 | 21 (91) | 145 (91) | 1.000 |
Betablocker, n (%) | 56 (92) | 165 (93) | 1.000 | 22 (96) | 135 (84) | 0.207 |
Loop diuretics, n (%) | 50 (82) | 123 (69) | 0.037 | 19 (83) | 95 (59) | 0.038 |
Aldosterone antagonist, n (%) | 33 (54) | 111 (62) | 0.290 | 12 (52) | 103 (64) | 0.241 |
Amiodarone, n (%) | 15 (25) | 26 (15) | 0.068 | 2 (9) | 18 (11) | 1.000 |
Echocardiography | ||||||
Left ventricular ejection fraction (%) | 31 ± 9 | 32 ± 10 | 0.673 | 34 ± 8 | 33 ± 11 | 0.737 |
Mitral valve regugitation, n (%) | 40 (66) | 115 (65) | 0.637 | 17 (74) | 109 (68) | 0.751 |
Tricuspid valve regurgitation, n (%) | 29 (48) | 71 (40) | 0.036 | 13 (57) | 68 (43) | 0.295 |
Electrocardiography | ||||||
Heart rate (beats/min) | 75 ± 17 | 76 ± 21 | 0.771 | 74 ± 13 | 76 ± 20 | 0.825 |
Sinus rhythm, n (%) | 44 (72) | 150 (84) | 0.049 | 14 (61) | 126 (79) | 0.089 |
Left bundle branch block, n (%) | 14 (23) | 59 (33) | 0.136 | 5 (22) | 39 (24) | 0.782 |
Laboratory parameters | ||||||
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 13.0 ± 1.5 | 13.6 ± 1.7 | 0.011 | 12.1 ± 2.2 | 13.3 ± 2.0 | 0.006 |
Creatinine (mg/dL) | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.3 | 0.008 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.1 ± 0.4 | 0.018 |
