Table 1 Participants characteristics at baseline and at follow-up. Parchemins Study49, Geneva, Switzerland, 2017–2020.

From: Reserves and their role in protecting against anxiety and depressive symptoms among undocumented migrants undergoing regularization

Reserves at baseline

Total

(n = 362)

Undocumented migrants who did not undergo the regularisation process

(n = 190)

Undocumented migrants who were regularised or undergoing regularisation (n = 172)

 

n (%)

n (%)

n (%)

p-value

Economic reserve: ability to pay an unexpected bill of CHF 1,500 (€1,500) at a time

   

< 0.001

Yes

131 (36%)

48 (25%)

83 (48%)

 

No

231 (64%)

142 (75%)

89 (52%)

 

Relational reserve: Number of people close enough to rely on in case of personal serious problems

   

0.015

Less than three persons

180 (50%)

106 (56%)

74 (43%)

 

Three persons or more

182 (50%)

84 (44%)

98 (57%)

 

Relational reserve: Number of persons close enough to talk to in case of serious problems

   

0.004

More than one person

144 (40%)

64 (34%)

80 (47%)

 

One person

169 (47%)

91 (48%)

78 (45%)

 

Nobody

44 (12%)

35 (18%)

14 (8%)

 

Cognitive reserve: Education

   

0.812

Compulsory and compulsory not finished

81 (22%)

41 (22%)

40 (23%)

 

Secondary and secondary not finished

198 (55%)

103 (54%)

95 (55%)

 

Higher education

83 (23%)

46 (24%)

37 (22%)

 

Cognitive reserve: Oral proficiency in French

   

0.012

Very good or good

156 (43%)

74 (39%)

82 (48%)

 

Fair

139 (38%)

70 (37%)

69 (40%)

 

Poor or very poor

67 (19%)

46 (24%)

21 (12%)

 

Resources at baseline

    

Economic resource: Equivalent disposable income (CHF), mean (SD)

2343.4 (1193.1)

1953.0 (1204.5)

2774.6 (1022.4)

< 0.001

Relational resource: partnership status

   

0.230

Married

82 (23%)

42 (22%)

40 (23%)

 

In a relationship

94 (26%)

43 (23%)

51 (30%)

 

Single

186 (51%)

105 (55%)

81 (47%)

 

Confounding characteristics at baseline

    

Age, mean (SD)

44.1 (10.4)

43.6 (10.5)

44.7 (10.2)

0.294

Sex

   

0.894

Women

264 (73%)

138 (73%)

126 (73%)

 

Men

98 (27%)

52 (27%)

46 (27%)

 

Number of working hours per week, mean (SD)

30.7 (16.6)

27.0 (17.8)

34.7 (14.3)

< 0.001

Mental health at follow-up (Outcomes)

    

Anxiety (GAD), mean (SD)

4.3 (4.7)

5.0 (5.3)

3.5 (3.7)

 

Depressive symptoms (PHQ-9), mean (SD)

5.6 (5.2)

6.4 (6.0)

4.8 (4.1)

 
  1. Baseline = October 2017 – December 2018; Follow-up = Mars 2019 – February 2020; SD = standard deviation; CHF = Swiss francs; PHQ-9 = Patient Health Questionnaire; GAD = Generalized Anxiety Disorder. P-values reflect chi-square test for categorical variables and t-test for continuous variables.
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