Table 5 Performance metrics results (MAE - Mean Absolute Error, MSE - Mean Squared Error, RMSE - Root Mean Squared Error, MAPE - Mean Average Percentage Error).

From: Machine learning approach for predicting tramp elements in the basic oxygen furnace based on the compiled steel scrap mix

Dataset

Target Element

MAE

MSE

RMSE

MAPE

I

Cu

0.00330

0.00003

0.00551

0.19174

II

Cr

0.00887

0.00023

0.01523

0.15789

III

Ni

0.00839

0.00147

0.03394

0.25112

IV

Mo

0.00316

0.00014

0.01178

0.34847

V

Sn

0.00041

0.00000

0.00060

0.41466

VI

S

0.00316

0.00002

0.00499

0.22148

VII

P

0.00373

0.00003

0.00589

0.26542

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