Table 6 Performance metrics results RMSE and mean of target element data distribution (Ovako steel, Fundia special bar, Sandvik materials technology and Fundia armering from¹⁴ for EAF, and Völklingen steelworks from this study for BOF)).

Target Element	Ovako steel		Fundia special bar		Sandvik		Fundia armering		Völklingen
Target Element	RMSE	Mean	RMSE	Mean	RMSE	Mean	RMSE	Mean	RMSE	Mean
Cu	0.029	0.187	0.03	0.24	0.03	0.2	0.041	0.359	0.00551	0.01674
Cr	0.08	0.28	0.02	0.07	0.71	15.74	0.027	0.118	0.01523	0.05846
Ni	0.06	0.16	0.02	0.13	0.55	7.42	0.025	0.168	0.03394	0.04103
Mo	0.02	0.04	0.01	0.03	0.1	1.05	0.005	0.026	0.01178	0.01442
Sn	0.002	0.009	0.003	0.017	-	-	0.005	0.017	0.00060	0.00125
S	0.004	0.025	0.006	0.037	0.003	0.013	0.005	0.043	0.00499	0.01740
P	0.003	0.008	0.003	0.011	0.002	0.021	0.005	0.018	0.00589	0.01614

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