Table 4 Target label information.

From: Robust fault detection and classification in power transmission lines via ensemble machine learning models

Target label

Description

NF

Balanced signal flow, no direct contact between conductors and ground

L-G

L-G A single line fault occurs when one conductor on a transmission line contacts the neutral conductor or drops to the ground

LL

LL Double line fault refers to a situation in which two conductors are short circuited

LL-G

LL-G A double line to ground fault occurs from a short circuit between two phase conductors and ground

LLL

LLL A three phase short circuit fault defines a short circuit between three phase conductors

LLL-G

LLL-G A short circuit between three phase conductors and the ground is referred to as a three phase to ground fault