Table 1 Baseline characteristics of the study population, by presence and absence of diabetic retinopathy.
Characteristic | Any Diabetic Retinopathy (N = 355) | No Diabetic Retinopathy (N = 1227) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|
Age, yrs, mean (SD) | 62.63 (11.23) | 60.87 (11.72) | 0.01 |
Sex, n (%) | 0.97 | ||
Male | 269 (75.8) | 931 (75.9) | |
Female | 86 (24.2) | 296 (24.1) | |
Smoking status, n (%) | 0.007 | ||
Current smoker | 75 (21.2) | 358 (29.3) | |
Ex-smoker | 139 (39.3) | 404 (33.0) | |
Never smoked | 140 (39.5) | 461 (37.7) | |
Prior history of diabetes, n (%) | 244 (68.9) | 278 (22.7) | < 0.0001 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 285 (80.7) | 756 (61.8) | < 0.0001 |
Total cholesterol, mmol/L, mean (SD) | 4.34 (1.20) | 4.67 (1.14) | 0.0001 |
BMI, kg/m2, mean (SD) | 30.29 (6.21) | 29.29 (5.42) | 0.02 |
Gensini score, units, mean (SD) | 42.50 (41.42) | 36.00 (37.19) | 0.02 |
History of acute myocardial infarction, n (%) | 101 (28.9) | 321 (26.4) | 0.35 |
History of angina, n (%) | 198 (55.8) | 707 (57.8) | 0.51 |
History of stroke, n (%) | 21 (6.0) | 33 (2.7) | 0.003 |
