Table 1 Measurement items of influence factors on maritime supply chain resilience.

Early warning

(EA)

EA1: Our company can accurately predict the fluctuations in the shipping market.

Alliger et al.³⁹ and Kanamoto et al.⁴¹

EA2: Our company can dynamically monitor and assess key risks in maritime transportation.

EA3: Our company has established a comprehensive maritime risk warning mechanism.

EA4: Our company can establish smooth risk information transmission channels with upstream and downstream enterprises in the MSC.

Agility

(AG)

AG1: Our company can quickly adjust resources such as routes, capacity, personnel, and equipment in the face of maritime emergencies.

Belhadi et al.⁴⁴ and Omer et al.⁴⁷

AG2: Our company can quickly adjust its business processes in the face of maritime emergencies.

AG3: Our company can quickly carry out organizational restructuring in the face of maritime emergencies.

AG4: Our company has emergency plans and regular drills for various maritime emergencies.

Collaboration

(CO)

CO1: Our company has established long-term and stable cooperative relationships with customers.

Wu et al.⁵⁰ and Lai et al.⁵¹

CO2: Our company has established long-term and stable cooperative relationships with upstream and downstream partners in the MSC.

CO3: We have clear collaboration goals, organizations, processes, and mechanisms for sharing benefits and risks between our company and enterprises in the MSC.

CO4: Our company has a high level of information sharing with upstream and downstream enterprises in the MSC.

Digitalization

(DL)

DL1: Our company has improved the operational efficiency and decision-making level of maritime-related businesses through digitization.

Ambulkar et al.⁵⁵and Bahrami and Shokouhyar³⁴

DL2: Our enterprise can provide customers with a full process visualization and one-stop supply chain logistics solution through digitization.

DL3: Our maritime supply chain has established a big data platform to integrate, share and collaborate with trade, maritime, logistics and customs data.

DL4: The MSC in which our company operates utilizes digital technologies such as blockchain to achieve paperless documentation.

Carbon Reduction

(CR)

CR1: Our company has established a clear carbon emission control plan.

Zhang et al.⁶⁰ and Wang et al.⁵⁹

CR2: Our company strictly implemented carbon emission control as planned.

CR3: Our company actively uses green shipping related decarbonization technology.

Maritime supply chain resilience

(MSCR)

MSCR1: Our company has the ability to adapt to MSC shocks.

Lam and Bai⁵ and Shi et al.⁴

MSCR2: Our company is able to respond quickly to MSC shocks.

MSCR3: Our company can reduce its losses in the face of MSC shocks.