Table 2 The implementation process of subjective judgment.

From: Multi-scale comparison of the formation mechanisms in landscape genes of traditional villages

Indicator

Judgment process

Terrain

The assessment of village terrain in Henan Province is conducted by integrating elevation maps with the actual geographic environment of the village locations. Henan Province is characterized by diverse topography, with the central and eastern regions primarily consisting of plains, while the northern, western, and southern areas are predominantly hilly and mountainous

River System

The province is divided into four major river systems, each of which is distinctly delineated

Settlement Distribution

The spatial arrangement of village buildings is categorized based on their concentration: if the buildings are densely packed, the distribution is classified as Clustered; conversely, if the buildings are more widely spaced, it is classified as Dispersed

Road Network

Road network patterns are also evaluated: a fishbone pattern, where roads branch out from a central axis, is identified as Fishbone; while a regular square grid pattern is termed Grid. Other irregular or mixed road network configurations are assessed based on observed road directions and connections

Residential Style

Remote sensing images further help in distinguishing between old and new buildings through noticeable differences in color and style, allowing for a visual judgment of their degree of mixing

Architectural Pattern

The arrangement of buildings is also categorized: a block or cluster layout is termed Clump, a linear arrangement is termed Line, and a scattered arrangement is termed Scatter