Fig. 4
Fluorescent amyloid ligand combinations for discrimination of amyloid structures in human tissue. (A) Hyper spectral fluorescence micrographs of human tissue with systemic amyloidosis co-stained with X-34 and HS-310. Amyloid is clearly visible. Regions of interest (ROI) were selected as indicated by arrows and emission spectra from each ROI are displayed in (B). White arrows in (A) depict spectra (black lines) within the amyloid, red is background of surrounding tissue. X-34 emits with a peak centered at 460–480 nm and HS-310 with a double peak in the interval 530–570 nm. (C) Fluorescence ratio of X-34 and HS-310 emission at 471/552 nm for ROIs from the different groups of tissues. AL = 13 tissues from 4 patients. AA vascular = 2 tissues from 2 patients. AA glomerular (common) = 6 tissues from 4 patients. Statistics in C: One-way ANOVA with Tukey’s test comparing all groups: *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001; and ****p < 0.0001. ns nonsignificant.
