Table 1 Some popular multi-objective algorithms.

From: An improved multi-objective particle swarm optimization algorithm for the design of foundation pit of rail transit upper cover project

Author

Variants

Improvement strategy

Field of application

Year

Deb et al.29

NSGA-II

1. A fast non-dominated sorting approach

2. Propose a selection operator

Solve constrained multi-objective problems

2002

Coello et al.31

MOPSO

1. Propose pareto dominance strategy

2. Propose special mutation operator

Multi-objective optimization problems

2004

Zhang et al.30

MOEA/D

1. Decomposition strategy

Weight vector method

Multi-objective 0–1 knapsack problem and optimization problem

2007

Akbari et al.32

MOABC

1. Propose a grid-based approach

2. Propose a fixed size archive strategy

Multi-objective optimization problems

2012

Mirjalili et al.24

MOGWO

1. A fixed-sized external archive

2. A leader selection mechanism

Challenging multi-objective test problems

2016

Mirjalili et al.33

MOALO

1. Employ a repository method

2. Using a roulette wheel mechanism

Multi-objective engineering design problems

2017

Yapici et al.34

MOPFA

1. Leader mechanism

2. New location update rule

Real engineering applications

2019

Yi et al. 35

NSGA-III

1. Introducing the concept of Stud

2. Design several improved crossover operators of SBX, UC, and SI

Large-scale optimization problems

2020

Premkumar et al. 36

MOSMA

1. Using the positive–negative feedback system

2. Elitist non-dominated sorting approach

real-world engineering design problems

2021

Deng et al. 37

ASDNSGA-II

1. Propose a special congestion strategy

2. Introducing adaptive crossover strategy

Multi-objective optimization problems

2022

Ganesh et al. 38

MOSOS/D

1. Introducing a decomposition framework

large complex multi-objective problems

2023

He et al. 39

MOWSO

1. Propose a random selection strategy

2. Active update of soldier position

Microgrid and Power dispatch

2024

Jiang et al. 40

MOBCA

1. Propose the grid mechanism, archiving mechanism, and leader selection mechanism

Multi-objective optimization

2024

Sahoo et al. 41

MnMOMFO

1. Introducing arithmetic and geometric mean strategies

2. Using NDS and CD strategies

Real-world engineering problems

2024

Pandya et al. 42

MOGMO

1. Propose an elite non-dominated sorting approach

2. A Crowding Distance coupled with an Information Feedback Mechanism selection strategy

Multi-objective engineering design challenges

2024

Deng et al. 43

MOQEA/D

1. Design a new decomposition mechanism

2. Propose a new optimal crossover strategy

Multi-objective knapsack problem and the multi-objective GAP

2024