Table 2 Baseline characteristics of patients with cancer and healthy controls, including subgroups of patients with cancer.

From: Comparative analysis of salivary cytokine profiles in newly diagnosed pediatric patients with cancer and healthy children

 

Healthy

(n = 128)

Leukemia

(n = 10)

Solid tumor

(n = 4)

Lymphoma

(n = 5)

P

Children

Adolescents

77 (60.2)

51 (39.8)

5 (50)

5 (50)

4 (100)

—

5 (100)

 

Gender: male

65 (50.8)

7 (70.0)

1 (25.0)

4 (80.0)

0.23£

Age, mean (SD)

10.7 (4.2)

11.3 (4.7)

9.6 (1.8)

15.8 (1.6)

0.058*

Caries

49 (38.3)

4 (40.0)

1 (25.0)

0 (0.0)

0.39£

Gingivitis

35 (27.3)

2 (20.0)

1 (25.0)

0 (0.0)

0.72£

Washable plaque

72 (56.2)

5 (50.0)

2 (50.0)

2 (40.0)

0.87£

Aphthae

2 (1.6)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1£

Candidiasis

1 (0.8)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

1£

Hyposalivation

0 (0.0)

3 (30.0)

0 (0.0)

0 (0.0)

< 0.001£

Abnormal Mucosa

6 (4.7)

1 (10.0)

1 (25.0)

0 (0.0)

0.16£

Salivary flow rate, mean (SD), ml/min

1.04 (0.73)

0.75 (0.45)

0.78 (0.47)

2.18 (1.17)

0.003*

IFN-γ, median (IQR), pg/ml

1.1 (0.7, 2.7)

3.1 (2.1, 6.2)

4.0 (3.3, 4.8)

0.9 (0.7, 1.5)

< 0.001#

IL-1α, median (IQR), pg/ml

756 (398, 1472)

2065 (858, 2781)

2187 (1594, 3492)

847 (338, 1099)

0.026#

IL-1β, median (IQR), pg/ml

16.1 (7.7, 36.6)

80.3 (14.5, 267)

78.7 (41.0, 134)

7.4 (4.6, 10.2)

0.008#

IL-4, median (IQR), pg/ml

1.4 (0.9, 2.0)

2.1 (1.6, 2.8)

2.1 (1.7, 2.3)

1.5 (1.1, 1.6)

0.16#

IL-5, median (IQR), pg/ml

0.9 (0.6, 1.3)

1.7 (1.2, 2.5)

2 (1.4, 2.7)

0.7 (0.5, 0.7)

0.005#

IL-6, median (IQR), pg/ml

2.9 (1.4, 8.1)

4.5 (2.7, 10.9)

3.3 (2.0, 41.4)

3.0 (1.5, 3.7)

0.42#

IL-8, median (IQR), pg/ml

282 (147, 609)

805 (497, 1316)

552 (156, 944)

252 (161, 398)

0.077#

IL-10, median (IQR), pg/ml

7.6 (4.3, 11.8)

19.3 (12.1, 40.2)

23.1 (18.4, 27.3)

2.6 (2.6, 7.6)

< 0.001#

IL-13, median (IQR), pg/ml

9.0 (3.2, 18.9)

14.6 (12.4, 19.6)

22.7 (11.3, 32.8)

7.3 (3.2, 9.0)

< 0.20#

IP-10, median (IQR), pg/ml

52.6 (17.7, 106)

83.9 (26.0, 94.3)

64.9 (22.4, 192)

20.5 (11.6, 28.7)

0.38#

TNF, median (IQR), pg/ml

7.7 (4.4, 13.1)

12.8 (10.3, 21.0)

20.7 (16.2, 26.6)

6.7 (3.2, 12.5)

0.006#

VEGF-A, median (IQR), pg/ml

164 (88.4, 256)

200 (143, 362)

214 (137, 333)

111 (106, 295)

0.50#

pH, mean (SD)

n.a.

7.9 (0.7)

7.2 (1)

8.1 (0.2)

n.c.

  1. Data are presented as frequency (proportion) or mean (SD). Cytokine data are presented as median (IQR).
  2. P values are derived from *ANOVA F-tests, £Fisher’s exact test, and #Kruskal–Wallis tests.
  3. SD, standard deviation; IQR, interquartile range; n.a., not available; n.c., not calculated.
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