Table 4 Comparison of cytokine levels between patients with cancer and healthy controls represented as geometric mean ratios with 95% confidence intervals (coefficients of the models) and the corresponding P values.

From: Comparative analysis of salivary cytokine profiles in newly diagnosed pediatric patients with cancer and healthy children

Cytokine

 

Children and adolescents with cancer (n = 9 and n = 10, respectively) compared with healthy children and adolescents (n = 77 and n = 51, respectively)

Children and adolescents with leukemia (each n = 5) compared with healthy children and adolescents (n = 77 and n = 51, respectively)

Children with solid tumors (n = 4) compared with healthy children (n = 77)

Adolescents with lymphoma (n = 5) compared with healthy adolescents (n = 51)

IFN-γ

Children

Adolescents

2.31 (1.33, 4.02), P = 0.003

1.67 (0.88, 3.17), P = 0.11

2.25 (1.07, 4.75), P = 0.034

2.89 (1.33, 6.27), P = 0.008

2.29 (0.99, 5.30), P = 0.054

0.93 (0.40, 2.20), P = 0.87

IL-1a

Children

Adolescents

1.95 (0.96, 3.96), P = 0.064

2.19 (1.04, 4.62), P = 0.040

1.65 (0.66, 4.14), P = 0.28

2.65 (1.02, 6.86), P = 0.045

2.16 (0.75, 6.25), P = 0.15

1.62 (0.59, 4.73), P = 0.37

IL-1β

Children

Adolescents

2.39 (0.92, 6.24), P = 0.075

2.06 (0.76, 5.59), P = 0.15

1.60 (0.46, 5.58), P = 0.46

4.64 (1.28, 16.9), P = 0.020

3.23 (0.75, 13.9), P = 0.11

0.73 (0.18, 2.90), P = 0.65

IL-4

Children

Adolescents

1.62 (1.04, 2.54), P = 0.034

1.07 (0.62, 1.84), P = 0.81

1.97 (1.05, 3.71), P = 0.036

1.05 (0.55, 2.03), P = 0.88

1.33 (0.68, 2.61), P = 0.40

1.10 (0.50, 2.41), P = 0.82

IL-5

Children

Adolescents

1.94 (1.25, 3.01), P = 0.004

0.87 (0.54, 1.39), P = 0.55

2.05 (1.16, 3.59), P = 0.013

1.48 (0.83, 2.66), P = 0.18

1.85 (0.96, 3.58), P = 0.068

0.49 (0.28, 0.85), P = 0.011

IL-6

Children

Adolescents

1.69 (0.69, 4.14), P = 0.25

1.47 (0.67, 3.24), P = 0.33

1.58 (0.53, 4.73), P = 0.41

1.16 (0.37, 3.62), P = 0.79

1.60 (0.41, 6.22), P = 0.49

1.93 (0.62, 5.97), P = 0.25

IL-8

Children

Adolescents

1.49 (0.75, 2.98), P = 0.25

2.16 (1.06, 4.40), P = 0.035

1.72 (0.69, 4.26), P = 0.24

2.85 (1.11, 7.30), P = 0.029

1.11 (0.40, 3.09), P = 0.84

1.67 (0.59, 4.74), P = 0.33

IL-10

Children

Adolescents

3.87 (1.96, 7.64), P < 0.001

1.55 (0.78, 3.09), P = 0.20

4.38 (1.85, 10.5), P = 0.001

2.30 (0.93, 5.71), P = 0.072

3.26 (1.18, 9.03), P = 0.024

1.03 (0.39, 2.69), P = 0.96

IP-10

Children

Adolescents

1.36 (0.53, 3.53), P = 0.52

0.57 (0.20, 1.63), P = 0.28

1.21 (0.34, 4.35), P = 0.77

0.83 (0.22, 3.11), P = 0.78

1.43 (0.34, 6.00), P = 0.62

0.43 (0.10, 1.90), P = 0.26

TNF

Children

Adolescents

2.23 (1.30, 3.81), P = 0.004

1.26 (0.74, 2.16), P = 0.39

2.06 (1.04, 4.08), P = 0.039

1.45 (0.71, 2.94), P = 0.31

2.33 (1.04, 5.22), P = 0.041

1.04 (0.49, 2.22), P = 0.91

VEGF-A

Children

Adolescents

1.51 (0.84, 2.69), P = 0.17

1.70 (0.79, 3.66), P = 0.17

1.47 (0.61, 3.44), P = 0.40

1.49 (0.61, 3.65), P = 0.38

1.62 (0.67, 3.89), P = 0.28

2.43 (0.80, 7.42), P = 0.12

  1. Separate linear regression models were fitted for each cytokine. A nested design, if possible, was used to obtain separate estimates for children and adolescents. All regression models were adjusted for sex, age, gingivitis, caries, and salivary flow rate.
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