Fig. 6

A forest plot summarizing the Mendelian randomization analysis results of plasma proteins associated with GC is presented. Pval is determined from the IVW MR method. The black dots represent odds ratios (OR), with horizontal lines indicating 95% confidence intervals (CI), and the vertical red dashed line represents OR = 1. OR: odds ratio, with values greater than 1 indicating a positive association between the exposure and outcome, and values less than 1 indicating a negative association. CI: confidence interval.